GLIMSES OF INDIA - SEBA / SMEBA / NCERT CLASS 10 ENGLISH SOLUTIONS

SEBA / SMEBA / NCERT CLASS 10 ENGLISH SOLUTIONS (FIRST FLIGHT)

CHAPTER : GLIMSES OF INDIA

Glimpses of India

CLASS 10 ENGLISH SOLUTIONS (FIRST FLIGHT)

SEBA / SMEBA / NCERT

Question and Answers

CLASS 10 ENGLISH FIRST FLIGHT CHAPTER 7 GLIMPSES OF INDIA

Chapter Sketch

The chapter ‘Glimpses of India’ consists of three parts

1. A Baker from Goa by Lucio Rodrigues

2. Coorg by Lokesh Abrol

3. Tea from Assam by Arup Kumar Datta

The first part is a pen-portrait of a traditional Goan village baker or pader who still has an important place in Goan culture although the Portuguese have left India long the back.

The second part is a pen-portrait of Coorg, which is a coffee country, famous for its rain forests and spices.
The third part is about the tea plantations in Assam.

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PART I A BAKER FROM GOA

Bread Making in Goa

This is a pen portrait of the traditional Goan village baker, who is still remembered by Goans. Bread making started from the Portuguese days. They were the lovers of bread. Bread making was an art which needed perfection. Mixing, moulding and baking were the areas of specialisation of making a bread. The loaves were baked in time tested furnaces. This profession has been continued by the baker’s descendants.

The Author’s Childhood Days Recalled

The writer remembers his childhood days when the baker used to be their friend, companion and guide. He used to visit twice a day, once in the morning during his selling hours and then again while returning after selling all his bread. The jingling thud of the bamboo he carried woke them up in the morning and they ran to meet and greet him. They ran for getting the bread bangles, which were a specially made sweet bread.

Delivering the Loaves

As the baker came, he would call out the lady of the house and wish her ‘Good Morning’. The children would be pushed aside and the loaves would be delivered to the maid servant. The author recalls the aroma of loaves that filled the air. The children would not even brush their teeth and ate bangles made of bread with tea.

Importance of Bread in Traditional Ceremonies

The various kinds of bread were very important for all occasions. No marriage was complete until and unless the traditional bol was served. The lady of the house prepared sandwiches on the occasion of her daughter’s engagement and bolinhas would be prepared for Christmas and other festivals.

The Baker’s Dress

The baker was usually dressed in a kabai, a long frock reaching down to the knees or a shirt and a trousers which were shorter than full-length ones and longer than half pants. Even today if anyone dares to go out in the streets wearing half pants, he is referred to as a pader (means baker).

Bread Making – A Profitable Profession

The baker usually collected his bills at the end of the month. All the accounts were written on some wall in the premises with a pencil. It was a profitable profession during those days because Portuguese were lovers of fresh baked loaves. The baker, his family members and his servants looked prosperous and happy.

Chapter Highlights

1. The Portuguese in Goa were lovers of bread.

2. Those eaters of bread have now gone but its makers still exist.

3. During the childhood days of the narrator, a baker used to be their friend, companion and guide.

4. The baker came twice a day- once in the morning and again while returning home after finishing his selling.

5. The jingling thud of the baker’s bamboo woke up the sleeping children.

6. The loaves were delivered to the servants of the house.

7. The children would peep into the baker’s basket for the bread bangles.

8. The children would eat bread with hot tea.

9. The marriages were incomplete without the popular bol bread.

10. Bolinhas was a must during Christmas and all other festivals.

11. The bakers wore a particular knee length frock known as kabai.

12. Baking was a profitable profession. Bakers had a plump physique testifying to this.

13. The bakers collected their bills at the end of the month.

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PART II COORG

ASSAM CLASS 10 (SEBA / NCERT / CBSE) First Flight

দশম শ্রেণী ইংরাজী গদ্য

পাঠ : GLIMPSES OF INDIA

II. COORG (কুর্গ)

লেখক - Lokesh Abrol

Summary :

Coorg is the smallest district of Karnataka) It is a very lovely place with evergreen rain forests, spices and coffee plantations. The Coorgi men are very brave and the women are beautiful. It is a habitat of different wild animals. The people of Coorg are probably of Greek or Arabic descent. Their culture and heroic attitude are similar to the Greeks and their traditional dress looks like the dress of the Arabian.

The Coorg regiment is one of the most decorated in the Indian Army. General Cariappa was a Coorgi.

Mahaseer is found in the river Kaveri. Activities of the kingfishers, squirrels and langurs are very attractive and lovely. People are also fond of adventure. They love river rafting, canoeing, rappelling, rock climbing and mountain biking. Birds, bees and butterflies give their company to the visitors. People are very hospitable. A panoramic view of the entire misty landscape of Coorg can be enjoyed from the top of the Brahmagiri hills. Walking across the rope bridge is another attraction of Coorg. One can find the heart and soul of India in Coorg.

সারাংশ :

কুর্গ হইল কর্ণাটকের সব চাইতে ছোট জিলা। স্থানটি চিরসবুজ অরণ্য, মশালা এবং কফি গাছের ছায়া সমৃদ্ধ হইয়া অতি মনোরম এবং আকর্ষণীয় হইয়াছে। কুৰ্গী পুরুষ লোকগুলি খুব সাহসী এবং মহিলারা খুবই সুন্দরী। কুর্গের লোকগুলি সম্ভবতঃ গ্রীক অথবা আরবীয়দের বংশধর। তাহাদের সংস্কৃতি এবং বীরোচিত ভাব-ভঙ্গী গ্রীকদের মত। অপরপক্ষে তাহাদের পরম্পরাগত সাজ-পোশাক আরবদের মত। ভারতের সেনাবাহিনীর একটি অতি সজ্জিত বাহিনী হইল কুৰ্গী সেনাদল। সেনাধ্যক্ষ কারিয়েপ্পা একজন কুৰ্গী পুরুষ।

কাবেরী নদীর স্বাদ জলে মহাশের মাছ পাওয়া যায়। মাছরাঙা পাখি, কাঠবিড়ালী এবং হনুমানের কার্যকলাপ খুব আনন্দদায়ক এবং মনমুগ্ধকর। ইহার লোকগুলি দুঃসাহসিক এবং অভিমানপ্রিয়। তাহারা নদীতে ভোর চালায়, নৌকা চালায়, রশির সাহায্যে পাহাড়ের উপর হইতে নামিয়া আসে, পাহার উঠানো এবং পর্বতের উপরে সাইকেল চালানোর কার্য খুব ভালবাসে। পাখি, মৌ-মাছি, প্রজাপতি ভ্রমণকারীদের সঙ্গ দান করে। লোকগুলি খুব অতিথিপরায়ণ। কুর্গের কুয়াশাচ্ছন্ন সম্পূর্ণ ভূ-দৃশ্যাবলী ব্ৰহ্মাগিরি পর্বতের শিখর হইতে উপভোগ করা যায়! কুর্গের অপর একটি আকর্ষণ হইল দড়ির সেতুতে হাঁটা। ভারতের অন্তরাত্মার সন্ধান এখানে দেখিতে পাওয়া যায়।

Word Meaning : শব্দার্থ

Coastal(কসটেল)— উপকূলবর্তী, Drifted (ড্রিফটেড)— ভাসিয়া আসা, Pours (পওরস) বৃষ্টি পরা, Martial (মার্শ্বল) সামরিক, Commences (কমেনসেস)—আরম্ভ হওয়া, Envigorating (ইনভিগ’রেটিং) শক্তি প্রদান করা, Canopies (কেনপিজ)— আচ্ছাদন; শামিয়ানা, Prime (প্রাইম)- উৎকৃষ্ট, Descent (ডিচেণ্ট)— উৎপত্তি, বংশ, Apparent (এপারেন্ট)– স্পষ্ট, Religious rites (রিলিজিয়াচ রাইটচ)- ধর্মীয় পরম্পরা বা রীতি-নীতি, Mainstream (মেইনস্ট্রিম)— মূল ধারা, Tales of valour (টেলচ অব ভেলর)- সাহসের গল্প, Rafting (রেফটিং)— ভেলা চালানো, canoeing (কেনয়িং)- নৌকায় ভ্রমণ করা, Slender loris (স্লেনডার লরিচ)- ক্ষীণ বানব, Panoramic view (পেনরেমিক ভিউ)– সমগ্র অঞ্চলের দৃশ্য।

বাংলা অনুবাদঃ (পারা 1-2)

মহীশূর এবং ম্যাংগালোরের উপকূলবর্তী নগরের মাঝপথে অবস্থিত এক টুকরা স্বর্গ যাহা দেবতার স্বর্গরাজ্য হইতে বায়ুবাহিত হইয়া পতিত হইয়াছে। এই চক্রাকার পাহাড়ী জেলায় বসবাস করে এক গর্বিত সামরিক বাহিনীর লোকজন, সুন্দরী মহিলা এবং বন্য প্রাণীরা।

বাংলা অনুবাদঃ (পারা 3-4)

কুর্গের শক্তিশালী স্বাধীন লোকগুলি সম্ভবতঃ গ্রীক অথবা আরবের বংশজাত। কোন এক গল্পে বলা হয়, আলেকজেণ্ডারের সৈন্যবাহিনী দক্ষিণ উপকূলে গিয়াছিল এবং যখন দেখিল ঘুরিয়া আশা অসম্ভব তখন তাহার এখানে বসবাস করিতে আরম্ভ করিল। এই লোকগুলির স্থানীয় লোকদের সঙ্গে বৈবাহিক সম্পর্ক স্থাপন করিল, এবং তাহাদের সংস্কৃতি সামরিক ঐতিহ্যে গড়িয়া উঠিয়াছিল, বিবাহ, ধর্মীয় রীতি-নীতি হিন্দুদের অপেক্ষা পৃথক ছিল। বহুদিন ধরিয়া আরব আদিম অধিবাসীদের নিয়ম চলিয়া আসিতেছে, কোডাগরা কাল কোর্টের সঙ্গে হাতে কাজ করা কোমড় পট্টি পরিধান করে। কুল্লিয়া, যাহা কোফিয়ার মত দেখিতে তাহা আরবের এবং কার্ডসের লোকেরা পরিধান করে।

কুৰ্গদের ঘরে আতিথেয়তার ঐতিহ্য আছে, তাহারা পুত্র এবং পিতার যুদ্ধে প্রদর্শন করা সাহসিকতার গল্প বলিতে খুব পছন্দ করে। ভারতীয় সৈন্য বিভাগে কুর্গ রেজিমেন্ট একটি সুসজ্জিত রেজিমেন্ট এবং ভারতের প্রথম সেনাবাহিনীর প্রধান জেনারেল ! করিয়াপ্পা ছিলেন একজন কুর্গ। এখন পর্যন্ত কোদভায়েরাই একমাত্র লোক যাহারা ভারতে বিনা লাইসেন্সে আগ্নেয়াস্ত্র ব্যবহার করার অনুমতি পায়।

বাংলা অনুবাদঃ (পারা 5-6)

কাবেরী নদী কুর্গের পাহাড় এবং অরণ্য হইতে জল পাইয়া থাকে। মহাশীর এক বৃহদাকার স্বাদু জলের মাছ এই জলে বাস করে। কিংফিসার শিকারের জন্য ঝাপাইয়া পরে। কাঠবিড়ালী এবং বানরগুলি আংশিক ফল খাইয়া বাকী অংশ দুষ্টামির ছলে আনন্দ পাওয়ার জন্য জলে ফেলিয়া ঢেউ-এর সৃষ্টি করে।

এই স্থানের বেশীর ভাগ লোকই দুঃসাহসিক অভিযান করিয়া থাকে যেমন ভেলা চালানো, নৌকা চালানো, তলোয়ার খেলা, দড়ির সাহায্যে পর্বত পাশ্বের আরোহণ এবং পর্বতে বাইকিং ইত্যাদি। এই অঞ্চলটিতে বহুবার হাটার ফলে প্রস্তুত হওয়া রাস্তাগুলি পদযাত্রীদের কাছে প্রিয় হইয়া উঠিয়াছে।

বাংলা অনুবাদঃ (পারা 7-8)

তোমাদিগকে সঙ্গে দেওয়ার জন্য পাখি, মৌমাছি ও প্রজাপতিরা সেখানে আছে। লম্বা লেজযুক্ত টিয়া-মালাকর, কাঠবিড়ালি, বানর, গাছে শামিয়ানার মত গর্ত হইতে লক্ষ্য রাখে।

ব্রহ্মগিরি পাহাড়ে আরোহণ করিয়া সম্পূর্ণ কুর্গের ভূভাগের দৃশ্য অবলোকন করা যায়। দড়ির সেতুর দিকে হাঁটা পথটি নিঃস্বর্গ ধামের চৌষট্টি একর দ্বীপে আগাইয়া গিয়াছে। বাইলাকুল্লির কাছে ভারতের বৃহত্তম তিব্বতীয় উপনিবেশ উপভোগ করা যায় বৌদ্ধ সন্ন্যাসীদের কাছে গিয়া ইহা একটি অতিরিক্ত পাওয়া। সন্ন্যাসীগণের লাল, গৌরিয় এবং হলুদ রঙের লম্বা পােশাকগুলি বিস্ময় প্রকাশ করে এবং ইহারা দর্শকদের কাছে আবিস্কার করে যে কুর্গ ভারতের মন এবং প্রাণ।

Coorg – A Heavenly Place

Coorg district of Karnataka lies between the towns of Mysore and Mangalore. It is like a heaven on Earth. It is inhabited by martial men, beautiful women and wild creatures.

Weather and Environment of Coorg

It is the smallest district of Karnataka. It consists of evergreen forests, spices and coffee plantations. The best season to visit coorg starts in September and continues upto March. The weather in coorg is pleasant during those months.

People of Coorg

The people here are possibly of Greek or Arabic descent. According to a legend, Alexander’s army moved South along the coast and settled there only when they were unable to return to their country. These people married among the locals and their culture can be witnessed by their martial traditions, marriages and religious rites. The Kodavus (residents of Coorg) wear a long black coat with an embroidered waist belt. Known as Kuppia, it resembles kuffia worn by the Arabs and the Kurds.

Bravery Tales of Coorg

Coorg people are well-known for their bravery. The Coorg Regiment is one of the most decorated regiments of the Indian Army. General Cariappa, the first Indian Army Chief, was a Coorgi. Even today, only the Kodavus are permitted to carry firearms without a licence.

Wildlife In Coorg

Coorg is home to a large number of wild animals and birds. Mahaseer, a large freshwater fish, is found here. Kingfishers, squirrels and langurs live without any fear.

Wild elephants enjoy being bathed and scrubbed in the river by their mahouts. The river Kaveri gets its water from the hills of Coorg.

Coorg – A Tourist Place

Even the laziest tourists become adventurous on coming to coorg as it is full of adventure sports like river rafting, canoeing, rock climbing etc. The climb to Brahmagiri hills bring smiles to many faces as one can see the panoramic view of coorg from there.

Nature at Its Best

India’s largest Tibetan settlement at Bylakuppe is inhabited by monks in red, ochre and yellow robs. There are many more surprises waiting at Coorg for the tourists to discover.

Reaching Coorg

Coorg can be reached by road and by rail. If one prefers to go by air, then the nearest airports are Bangalore and Mangalore. By road, it is around 250 – 260 km from Bangalore.

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Chapter Highlights

1. Coorg or Kodagu, the smallest district of Karnataka, is a heavenly place.

2. The best season to visit it is from September to March.

3. The people living there are probably the descendants of Arabs or Greeks.

4. Their culture is apparent in their martial traditions, marriages and religious rites.

5. The Kodavus wear a long, black, embroidered coat called Kuppia.

6. The Coorg Regiment is one of the most decorated regiments in the Indian Army.

7. Kodavus are the only people in India permitted to carry firearms without a license.

8. The river Kaveri begins from the hills and forests of Coorg.

9. A variety of plants, birds and animals can be seen there.

10. The place offers a number of adventure sports for the tourists.

11. The Tibetan monks are amongst many surprises that can be seen there.

PART III TEA FROM ASSAM

ASSAM CLASS 10 (SEBA / NCERT / CBSE) First Flight

দশম শ্রেণী ইংরাজী গদ্য

পাঠ : TEA FROM ASSAM

লেখক - Arup Kumar Dutta

Tea From Assam

Pranjol, a youngster from Assam is Rajvir's classmate at a school in Delhi. Pranjol's father is the manager of a tea-garden in Upper Assam and Pranjol has invited Rajvir to visit his home during the summer vacation.

অসমের একজন উচ্চমনা যুবক প্রাঞ্জল দিল্লীর স্কুলে রাজবীরের সহপাঠী ছিলেন। প্রাঞ্জলের পিতা আসামের উজনিতে চায়বাগানের মেনেজার ছিলেন। গ্রীষ্মবন্ধের সময়ে প্রাঞ্জল রাজবীরকে নিজের ঘরে নিমন্ত্রণ করিয়াছিলেন।

Summary :

While both Pranjal and Rajvir are taking a cup of tea each in the compartment, Pranjal who is from Assam said that over eighty crore cups of tea are drunk eveyday throughout the world. Rajvir who is from Delhi enjoys the magnificent view of the tea gardens in Assam from the running train. He narrated a legend about the origin of tea. According to a legend a Chinese emperor who used to drink hot water found tea leaves that fell by-chance on the water. An Indian legend referred to the Buddhist monk who cut off his eyelids to banish sleep. Tea plants grew out of the eyelids. However, tea was first drunk in China in 2700 B.C. and it spread in Europe in the sixteenth century,

Pranjal and Rajvir got off the train at Mariani junction. Pranjal's father who was a tea garden manager, led them to Dhekiabari. While the car was running, Rajvir enjoyed the view of the tea gardens spread on either side of the road.

সংক্ষিপ্ত সারাংশ:

যখন প্রাঞ্জল এবং রাজবীর দুইজনে রেলের কামড়ায় এক কাপ চায়ের স্বাদ নিতেছিল, অসমের ভূমিতে জন্ম লাভ করা প্রাঞ্জল বলিল যে প্রতিদিন আশি কোটি অপেক্ষা বেশী কাপ চা সমগ্র পৃথিবী জুরিয়া খাওয়া হয়। দিল্লীর বাসিন্দা রাজবীর। চলন্ত রেলগাড়ি হইতে অসমের চা বাগানের অতি মনোরম দৃশ্য উপভোগ করিতেছিল। সে বলিয়াছিল যে এক কিংবদন্তী অনুসারে একজন চীন সম্রাট প্রথমে চায়ের স্বাদ নিয়াছিলেন। তিনি সর্বদা জল গরম করিয়া পান করিতেন। একদিন দৈবক্রমে তাহার গরম জলে চা গাছের পাতা কয়েকটি পরিয়াছিল। অন্য এক কিংবদন্তী অনুসারে একজন বৌদ্ধ সন্ন্যাসী ঘুম তাড়ানোর জন্য চোখের পাতাগুলি কাটিয়া ফেলিয়াছিল। তাহার চোখের পাতাগুলি হইতে চা পাতা গাছের জন্ম হইয়াছিল। যাহা হওক, যীশু খ্রীষ্টের জন্মের ২৭০০ বৎসর পূর্বে চীনে প্রথম চা পান করা হইত। ছয় শতাব্দীতে চা ইউরোপের বাজারে ছড়াইয়া পরে। প্রাঞ্জল এবং রাজবীর মরিয়ানি রেল জংশনে রেলগাড়ি হইতে নামিল। প্রাঞ্জলের পিতা একজন চা বাগানের ম্যানেজার ছিলেন। তিনি প্রাঞ্জল এবং রাজবীরকে গাড়িতে উঠাইয়া ঢেকীয়াবারীর দিকে যাইতেছিলেন। গতিশীল গাড়ি হইতে রাস্তার দুই দিকে বিস্তৃত এলেকা জুরিয়া থাকা চা বাগানের দৃশ্য দেখিয়া রাজবীর বলিল যে ইহা দ্বিতীয়বার চা গাছের পাতা জমানোর সময়। ইহা শুনিয়া প্রাঞ্জলের পিতা বলিলেন যে রাজবীর চা বাগান দর্শন করার পূর্বে সেই বিষয়ে ভাল করিয়া অধ্যয়ন করিয়া আসিয়াছিল।

শব্দার্থ (Word meaning):

High-pitched voice (হাই-পিটস ভয়েচ)—উচ্চস্বরে কথা বলা কণ্ঠস্বর, Sipped (সিপদ)— চুষিয়া খাইল, Steaming hot (ষ্টিমিং হট)- ধোঁয়া বাহির হইয়া থাকা গরম, Ardent Fan (আরডেন্ট ফেন)-উৎসাহী অনুগামী/ভক্ত, Keener (কিনার)-- অত্যধিক, Dwarfing (দ্বারফিং)—ছটিয়ে ছোট করা, Sturdy (ষ্টারডি)- মজবুত, Legends (লিজেণ্ড)—পৌরাণিক কাহিনী, Scoffed (স্কফড)— হাসিয়াছিল, Buddhist ascetic (বুদ্ধিষ্ট এসেটিক)- বৌদ্ধ সন্ন্যাসী/তপস্বী, Meditations (মেডিটেশ্যন )— ধ্যান, Banished (বানিসড)- দেশান্তর করা, Gravel road (গ্রেভেল রোড)—পাথর দিয়া তৈরী রাস্তা, Pruned (প্রণ্ড)- বাড়তি অংশ ছাটাই করিয়া সুন্দর করা, Aprons (এপ্রনস)- ঢাকা কাপর।

বাংলা অনুবাদ (পারা-1):

একজন বিক্রেতা উচ্চস্বরে “চা গরম, গরম চা” বলিল। সে তাহাদের জানালার কাছে আসিয়া বলিল “চা, সাহেব?” প্রাঞ্জল বলিল, “আমাদিগকে দুই পেয়ালা চা দাও।” তাহাদের কামড়ার প্রায় সকলেই চা পান করিতেছে। রাজবীর বলিল, “আপনি জানেন কি পৃথিবীতে দৈনিক আশি লাখ লোক চা পান করে?”

বাংলা অনুবাদ (পারা-2):

প্রাঞ্জল বিস্ময় প্রকাশ করিয়া বলিল, “চা প্রকৃতপক্ষে খুব জনপ্রিয়।” গাড়ীটি ষ্টেশন ছাড়িল। প্রাঞ্জল পুনরায় নাক চুলকাইয়া গোয়েন্দাগিরি সংক্রান্ত বইয়ের প্রতি মনোযোগ দিল। রাজবীর গুপ্তচর কাহিনীগুলির প্রশংসক ছিল, কিন্তু সেই সময় সে সুন্দর দৃশ্য দেখার জন্য প্রবল ইচ্ছা প্রকাশ করিল। প্রতিটি স্থান সবুজ সবুজ ছিল। রাজবীর ইহার পূর্বে কখনও এত সবুজ দেখে নাই। তারপর কোমল ধানক্ষেতের জাগায় সবুজ চা স্থান করিয়া নিল। এই দৃশ্যটি মনোরম দৃশ্য ছিল। ঘন পাহারের বুকে চা গাছের সাগর এত দূর পর্যন্ত ছড়াইয়া পরিয়াছিল যতদূর পর্যন্ত দেখিতে পারি। উচু বড় ছায়া দেওয়া বৃক্ষের ছোট ছোট চা-গাছের সঙ্গে সম্পর্ক আছে এবং সেই চা গাছের সারির মধ্যে পুতুলের মত আকৃতিগুলি যেন ব্যস্ত হইয়া চলিতেছিল। দূরে থাকা একটি খারাপ ঘরের উচ্চ অংশ হইতে বাষ্পের ধোঁয়া বাহির হইয়া আসিতেছিল।

বাংলা অনুবাদ (পারা-3):

রাজীব উত্তেজিতভাবে চিৎকার দিয়া বলিল, “হ্যাই, এইটি চা বাগান।” প্রাঞ্জল, যে এই চা বাগানে জন্ম লাভ করিয়াছিল এবং লালিত-পালিত হইয়াছিল, সে রাজীবের কৌতূহলে মন দিল না। সে বলিল, “ঔঃ! ইহা এখন একটি চায়ের দেশ। আসাম পৃথিবীর সকল বাগানের মধ্যে সবচেয়ে বড় চা উৎপাদন কেন্দ্র হিসাবে পরিগণিত হইয়াছে। সারাজীবন দেখার জন্য তুমি এখানে যথেষ্ট চা বাগান পাইবে।”

“আমি চায়ের বিষয়ে যতটুকু সম্ভব ততটুকু পড়িতেছি।” রাজীব বলিল, “কে চা আবিষ্কার করিয়াছে তাহা কেউ জানে না, কিন্তু ইহার বিষয়ে বহু প্রাচীন কথা রহিয়াছে।”

“কি ধরণের প্রাচীন কথা?”

“ঠিক আছে একজন চীন সম্রাট ছিলেন যিনি সর্বদা জল খাওয়ার পূর্বে গরম করিয়া নিতেন। একদিন এক গাছের ডাল হইতে একটি পাতা গরম জল থাকা পাত্রে পরিল এবং ইহার ফলে জলটুকু স্বাদযুক্ত হইল। এইভাবে বলা হয় যে, এইগুলি চায়ের পাতা ছিল।”

বাংলা অনুবাদ (পারা-4):

“আমাকে অন্য গল্প বল”– ঠাট্টা করিয়া প্রাঞ্জল বলিতেছিল। “আমাদের এখানে একটি ভারতীয় পৌরাণিক কথা আছে। বৌধিধর্মা, একজন প্রাচীন বৌদ্ধ সন্ন্যাসী তাঁহার দৃষ্টি পরিবর্তন করিলেন, কারণ চিন্তার মধ্যে তাহার ঘুম আসিতেছিল। নিমিষের মধ্যে দশটি চায়ের গাছ গজিয়া উঠিল। যখন এই গাছের পাতা গরম জলে ফেলিয়া দিল তখন এই জল পান করার পর ঘুম চলিয়া গেল।”

রাজীব বলিল, “চা প্রথমে চীনে খাওয়া হইয়াছিল। ২৭০০ খৃষ্টাব্দে প্রকৃতপক্ষে এইরূপ শব্দ যেমন চা, চিনি ইত্যাদি চীনা ভাষা হইতে নেওয়া হইয়াছে। চা ইউরোপে শুধু ১৬ শতাব্দীতে আসিয়াছিল এবং ইহাকে পানীয় হিসাবে খুব কম ব্যবহার করা হইত বরং ঔষধ হিসাবে অধিক খাওয়া হইত।”

বাংলা অনুবাদ (পারা-5):

গাড়ী ঝিক ঝিক করিয়া মরিয়ানী জংশন পাইল। ছেলেরা নিজের জিনিসগুলি গুছাইয়া নিল এবং প্লেটফর্মের ভীরে ঠেলিয়া ঠেলিয়া নিজের রাস্তা করিয়া নিল। প্রাঞ্জলের মা বাবা তাহাদের জন্য অপেক্ষা করিতেছিলেন।

অতি শীঘ্র তাহাদের গাড়ী ঢেকীয়াবারীর দিকে গেল, এই স্থানের চা বাগানেই প্রাঞ্জলের বাবা বাগান পরিচালনা করিতেন।

একঘণ্টা পর গাড়ীটি প্রধান রাস্তা হইতে ঘুরিল। তাহারা পশু-সেতু পার হইয়া ঢেকিয়াবাড়ী চা বাগানে প্রবেশ করিল। পাথরের রাস্তার দুইধারে বহু একর জমিতে চা গাছ ছিল, যাহাদের অতি পরিস্কারভাবে সমান উচ্চতায় কাটিয়া নেওয়া হইয়াছিল। চা পাতা সংগ্রহ করা মহিলারা ও যাহাদের পিঠে বাঁশের টুকরী ছলি, প্লাষ্টিকের এপ্রন পরিয়া নতুন পাতা ছিড়িতেছিল।

বাংলা অনুবাদ (পারা-6):

প্রাঞ্জলের বাবা একটি চা পাতা ভর্তি ট্রাক্টর দেখিয়া ইহাকে রাস্তা দেওয়ার জন্য গাড়ীর গতি কমাইয়াছিল। “ইহা দ্বিতীয়বার পাতা গজানোর সময়, তাই না শ্ৰীযুত বরুয়া?” রাজীব জিজ্ঞাসা করিল, “এইরূপ মে মাস হইতে জুলাই মাস পর্যন্ত হয় এবং বহু সুন্দর চা প্রদান করে।”

প্রাঞ্জলের বাবা আশ্চর্য হইয়া জিজ্ঞাসা করিল, “এমন মনে হয় যে তুমি আসার পূর্বে গৃহকর্ম শেষ করিয়া আসিয়াছ।” “হ্যা, শ্রীযুক্ত বরুয়া” রাজীব স্বীকার করিল। “যেহেতু আমি এখানে আছি আমি আরও অধিক কিছু শিখিব বলিয়া আশা করি!”

About the Characters

Part III Tea from Assam

Rajvir
He is a youngster from Delhi. He is a person who is always excited to learn about new things.

Pranjoi
He is a friend and classmate of Rajvir. He belongs to Assam.

Rajvir’s Visit to Assam

Rajvir and Pranjol are travelling to Assam by train as Pranjol has invited Rajvir to visit his home during the summer vacation. Rajvir is very excited to see the beautiful scenery of greenery and tea plantations outside. Rajvir tells Pranjol that over eighty crore cups of tea are drunk everyday throughout the world.

The Beautiful Tea Gardens

Rajvir looks at the scenery outside and is mesmerised by its beauty. The view from the train was also panoramic. There was greenery outside. The soft green paddy fields gave way to tea bushes. Tea bushes spread as far as the eye could see.

Legends about Discovery of Tea

There are many legends about the discovery of tea. The Chinese legend says that when a few tea leases accidentally fell into boiling water which the emperor tasted and liked, tea making started.
Indian legend tells that a Buddhist monk cut off his eyelids because he felt sleepy during meditations. Ten tea plants grew out of these eyelids. The leaves of these plants when put in hot water and drunk, drove away sleep.

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Chinese – the Tea Lovers

Rajvir told Pranjol that tea was first drunk in China. Words like ‘chai’ and ‘chini are of Chinese origin. From China, it spread to Europe and then to Asia. Earlier tea was drunk more as a medicine than as a beverage.

Dhekiabari
The boys alighted at Mariani junction. Soon, they were driving towards Dhekiabari, the tea garden managed by Pranjol’s father. Groups of tea pluckers, with bamboo baskets on their backs and wearing plastic aprons, plucking the newly sprouted leaves, could be seen everywhere. The best tea is obtained during the period of May to July.

Chapter Highlights

1. Pranjol and Rajvir were visiting Assam by train.

2. Rajvir was busy looking at the beautiful scenery outside the train.

3. It was green everywhere as far as the eye could see.

4. The soft green paddy bushes gave way to tea bushes.

5. Assam has the largest concentration of tea plantation in the world.

6. The Chinese are said to have discovered tea.

7. There is also an Indian legend saying that Bodhidharma discovered tea.

8. From China, tea came to the European countries and then to Asian countries.

9. Pranjol’s father managed Dhekiabari, a tea garden.

10. There were many tea pluckers around the tea bushes.

11. The best tea is obtained between May to July.

WORD MEANINGS

The given page nos. correspond to the pages in the prescribed textbook.

PART I

Word	Meaning
PAGE 85 Reminiscing nostalgically	Thinking fondly of the past
Loaves	A quantity of bread that is shaped and baked in one piece and usually sliced
Vanished	(here) Died
Mixers	Persons kneading the flour
Moulders	Persons giving bread a particular shape
Time tested	Used for a long time
Furnace	Hearth .
Extinguished	Put out
Thud	A dull and heavy sound
Jingle	A light ringing sound
PAGE 86
Heralding	Announcing
Staff	Stick
Rebuke	Disapproval or scolding
Fragrance	Scent
PAGE 87
Feast	Party
Prosperous	Marked success or economic well-being
Plump physique	Pleasantly fat body
open testimony	Public statement about a character or quality

PART II

Word	Meaning
PAGE 90 Drifted from	Been carried along gently by air
Martial	Having to do with war
Plantations	An area planted with trees
Pours	Rains heavily
Canopies	The highest layer of branches in a forest
Prime	(here) The best
Mainstream	A tradition which most people follow
PAGE 91 Tales of valour	Stories of courage and bravery usually in war
Hospitality	Generous and friendly Ireatment of visitors and guests
Most decorated	Having received maximum number of awards for bravery in war
Laidback	Relaxed
Mahouts	The keepers of elephants
Rafting	Travelling in a river in a raft
Canoeing	Travelling in a river in a canoe
Rappelling	Going down a cliff by sliding down a rope
PAGE 92 Trails	Paths created by walking
Panoramic view	A view of a wide area of land
Misty	Filled with fog
Landscape	An area of land that has a particular guality or appearance
Ochre	A moderate yellow-orange to orange colour

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PART III

Word	Meaning
PAGE 94 Steaming	Very hot
Buried his nose in	Started reading
Ardent	Keen
Backdrop	Scenery at the back
Dwarfing	Making something appear small
PAGE 95 Billowing	A moving cloud or mass of smoke
Tea country	Area where tea is grown
Legends	A story from the past that is believed by many people but cannot be proved to be true.

ORAL COMPREHENSION CHECK

1. What are the elders in Goa nostalgic about?

Answer

The elders in Goa were nostalgic about the good old Portuguese days, the Portuguese, and their famous loaves of bread.

2. Is bread-making still popular in Goa? How do you know?

Answer

Yes, bread-making is still popular in Goa. The author has described about the existence of time-old furnaces and their still burning fire. The Goan society is still having moulders, bread mixers and bakers.

3. What is the baker called?

Answer

The bakers are known as pader .

4. When would the baker come everyday? Why did the children run to meet him?

Answer

The baker came twice every day, once when he set out in the morning on his selling round, and then again, when he returned after emptying his huge basket. The children ran to meet him not because of their love of the loaf, which was bought by the maid-servant of the house. They actually longed for the bread-bangles, which they chose carefully. Sometimes, it was a sweet bread of special make.

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Page No: 87

Oral Comprehension Check

1.Match the following.

What is a must

(i)	as marriage gifts?	–	cakes and bolinhas
(ii)	for a party or a feast?	–	sweet bread called bol
(iii)	for a daughter’s engagement?	–	bread
(iv)	for Christmas?	–	sandwiches

Answer

(i)	as marriage gifts?	–	sweet bread called bol
(ii)	for a party or a feast?	–	bread
(iii)	for a daughter’s engagement?	–	sandwiches
(iv)	for Christmas?	–	cakes and bolinhas

2. What did the bakers wear: (i) in the Portuguese days? (ii) when the author was young?

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Answer

(i) In the Portuguese days, the bakers had a peculiar dress known as the kabai. It was a single-piece long frock reaching down to the knees.

(ii) When the author was young, he saw the bakers wearing a shirt and trousers, which were shorter than full-length ones and longer than half pants.

3. Who invites the comment − “he is dressed like a pader”? Why?

Answer - Anyone who wears a half-pant which reaches just below the knees invites the comment that “he is dressed like a pader”. This was so because the bakers were known as pader and they wore such half pants.

4. Where were the monthly accounts of the baker recorded?

Answer - The monthly accounts of the baker were recorded on some wall in pencil.

5. What does a ‘jackfruit-like appearance’ mean?

Answer - A ‘jackfruit-like appearance’ means a plump physique. Such a physique was linked to the bakers because they never starved. Baking was a profitable profession. The baker, his family, and his servants always looked happy and prosperous and had a ‘jackfruit-like appearance’.

Page No: 88

1.Which of these statements are correct?

(i) The pader was an important person in the village in old times.

(ii) Paders still exist in Goan villages.

(iii) The paders went away with the Portuguese.

(iv) The paders continue to wear a single-piece long frock.

(v) Bread and cakes were an integral part of Goan life in the old days.

(vi) Traditional bread-baking is still a very profitable business.

(vii) Paders and their families starve in the present times.

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Answer
(i) Correct
(ii) Correct
(iii) Incorrect. The paders still exist in Goan villages.

(iv) Incorrect. The paders wear shirts, and trousers that are shorter than full-length ones and longer than half pants.

(v) Incorrect. Bread and cakes are still an integral part of Goan life.

(vi) Correct
(vii)Incorrect. Baking is still a very profitable business in Goa.

2. Is bread an important part of Goan life? How do you know this?

Answer- Bread is an important part of Goan life. Marriage gifts are meaningless without the sweet bread known as the bol. For a party, bread is a must, while for Christmas, cakes and bolinhas are a must. Sandwiches must be prepared by the lady of the house on her daughter’s engagement. The author says that everybody loves the fragrance of loaves. The elders were given loaves and the children were given bread-bangles, which they longed for. Also, the fact that bakery is a profitable profession shows that the love for bread is enormous in Goa.

3. Tick the right answer. What is the tone of the author when he says the following?

(i) The thud and the jingle of the traditional baker’s bamboo can still be heard in some places. (nostalgic, hopeful, sad)

(ii) Maybe the father is not alive but the son still carries on the family profession. (nostalgic, hopeful, sad)

(iii) I still recall the typical fragrance of those loaves. (nostalgic, hopeful, naughty)

(iv) The tiger never brushed his teeth. Hot tea could wash and clean up everything so nicely, after all. (naughty, angry, funny)

(v) Cakes and bolinhas are a must for Christmas as well as other festivals. (sad, hopeful, matter-of-fact)

(vi) The baker and his family never starved. They always looked happy and prosperous. (matter-of-fact, hopeful, sad)

Answer –

(i) Nostalgic
(ii) Nostalgic

(iii) Nostalgic

(iv) Funny

(v) Matter-of-fact
(vi) Matter-of-fact

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Page No: 92

Thinking about the Text

1. Where is Coorg?

Answer - Coorg is the smallest district of Karnataka, located midway between Mysore and Mangalore.

2. What is the story about the Kodavu people’s descent?

Answer – It is believed that Kodavu people are of Arabic origin. It is said that some of Alexander’s armymen moved to south and settled there. Their costume, martial practices and marriage rituals also point to the fact that they are from Arabic origin.

3. What are some of the things you now know about
(i) the people of Coorg?
(ii) the main crop of Coorg?
(iii) the sports it offers to tourists?
(iv) the animals you are likely to see in Coorg?
(v) its distance from Bangalore, and how to get there?

Answer
(i)The people of Coorg are fiercely independent. They are of Greek or Arabic descent. They have a tradition of hospitality. They enjoy recounting numerous tales of valour related to their sons and fathers. Kodavus are the only people in India permitted to carry firearms without a license. The author has described the people of Coorg as a proud race of martial men and beautiful women.

(ii) Coffee is the main crop of Coorg. The coffee estates stand tucked under tree canopies in prime corners.

(iii) The sports that Coorg offers to tourists are river rafting, canoeing, rappelling, rock climbing, mountain biking, and trekking.

(iv) The animals that one is likely to see in Coorg are birds, bees, butterflies, macaques, Malabar squirrels, langurs, loris, and wild elephants.

(v) The distance between Coorg and Bangalore is around 260 km. There are two routes to Coorg from Bangalore and both are of the same distance. The most frequented route is the one via Mysore. The other route is via Neelamangal, Kunigal, and Chanrayanapatna.

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Page No: 93

4.Here are six sentences with some words in italics. Find phrases from the text that have the same meaning. (Look in the paragraphs indicated)

(i) During monsoons it rains so heavily that tourists do not visit Coorg. (para 2)

(ii) Some people say that Alexander’s army moved south along the coast and settled there. (para 3)

(iii) The Coorg people are always ready to tell stories of their sons’ and fathers’ valour. (para 4)

(iv) Even people who normally lead an easy and slow life get smitten by the high-energy adventure sports of Coorg. (para 6)

(v) The theory of the Arab origin is supported by the long coat with embroidered waist-belt they wear. (para 3)

(vi) Macaques, Malabar squirrels observe you carefully from the tree canopy. (para 7)

Answer
(i) keep many visitors away
(ii) as one story goes
(iii)are more than willing to recount
(iv) the most laidback individuals become converts to
(v) draws support from
(vi) keep a watchful eye

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Thinking about the Language

1. Here are some nouns from the text.

culture

monks

surprise

experience

weather

tradition

Work with a partner and discuss which of the nouns can collocate with which of the adjectives given below. The first one has been done for you.

unique

terrible

unforgettable

serious

ancient

wide

sudden

(i)	culture	:	unique culture, ancient culture
(ii)	monks:	:	______________________________________________
(iii)	surprise:	:	______________________________________________
(iv)	experience	:	______________________________________________
(v)	weather	:	______________________________________________
(vi)	tradition	:	______________________________________________

Answer

(i)	culture	:	unique culture, ancient culture
(ii)	monks:	:	serious monks
(iii)	surprise:	:	unique surprise, terrible surprise, unforgettable surprise
(iv)	experience	:	unique experience, terrible experience, unforgettable experience
(v)	weather	:	terrible weather
(vi)	tradition	:	unique tradition, ancient tradition

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Page No: 94

2. Complete the following phrases from the text. For each phrase, can you find at least one other word that would fit into the blank?

(i) tales of _______________

(ii) coastal _______________

(iii) a piece of ______________

(iv) evergreen ______________

(v) _____________ plantations

(vi) _____________bridge

(vii) wild __________________

You may add your own examples to this list.

Answer

From the text

Other than the text

(i) tales of valour

(ii) coastal town

(iii) a piece of heaven

(iv) evergreen rainforests

(v) coffee plantations

(vi) rope bridge

(vii) wild elephants

(i) tales of morality

(ii)coastal food

(iii)a piece of cake

(iv)evergreen hero

(v)crop plantations

(vi)sturdy bridge

(vii)wild beasts

Page No: 96

III. Tea From Assam, By Arup Kumar Datta

Thinking about the Language

1. Look at these

words: upkeep, downpour,undergo, dropout, walk-in. They are built up from a

verb (keep, pour, go, drop, walk) and an adverb or a

particle (up, down, under, out, in).

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Use these words appropriately in the sentences below. You may consult a dictionary.

(i) A heavy ___________ has been forecast due to low pressure in the Bay of Bengal.

(ii) Rakesh will ___________major surgery tomorrow morning.

(iii) My brother is responsible for the ______________of our family property.

(iv) The ____________rate for this accountancy course is very high.

(v) She went to the Enterprise Company to attend a _______________ interview.

Answer

(i)A heavy downpour has been forecast due to low pressure in the Bay of Bengal.

(ii)Rakesh will undergo major surgery tomorrow morning.

(iii)My brother is responsible for the upkeep of our family property.

(iv)The dropout rate for this accountancy course is very high.

(v)She went to the Enterprise Company to attend a walk-in interview.

2. Now fill in the blanks in the sentences given below by combining the verb given in brackets with one of the words from the box as appropriate.

over

through

out

down

(i) The Army attempted unsuccessfully to ___________ the government. (throw)

(ii) Scientists are on the brink of a major ___________in cancer research. (break)

(iii) The State Government plans to build a ______________for Bhubaneswar to speed up traffic on the main highway. (pass)

(iv) Gautama’s ____________on life changed when he realised that the world is full of sorrow. (look)

(v) Rakesh seemed unusually _______________ after the game. (cast)

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Answer

(i) The Army attempted unsuccessfully to overthrow the Government.

(ii) Scientists are on the brink of a major breakthrough in cancer research.

(iii) The State Government plans to build a by-pass for Bhubaneswar to speed up traffic on the main highway.

(iv) Gautama’s outlook on life changed when he realized that the world is full of sorrow.

(v) Rakesh seemed unusually downcast after the game.

Page No: 96

1. Think of suitable −ing or −ed adjectives to answer the following questions.

How would you describe

(i) a good detective serial on television? ___________________

(ii) a debate on your favourite topic ‘Homework Should Be Banned’?_______

(iii) how you feel when you stay indoors due to incessant rain?_____________

(iv) how you feel when you open a present? __________________

(v) how you feel when you watch your favourite programme on television? _______________

(vi) the look on your mother’s face as you waited in a queue? ______________

(vii) how you feel when tracking a tiger in a tiger reserve forest? ______________

(viii) the story you have recently read, or a film you have seen? ______________

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Answer

(i) a good detective serial on television? Interesting

(ii)a debate on your favourite topic ‘Homework Should Be Banned’? Exciting

(iii)how you feel when you stay indoors due to incessant rain? Bored

(iv)how you feel when you open a present? Excited

(v) how you feel when you watch your favourite programme on television? Interested

(vi)the look on your mother’s face as you waited in a queue? Tired

(vii)how you feel when tracking a tiger in a tiger reserve forest? Thrilled

(viii)the story you have recently read, or a film you have see? Boring

Question Bank for Class 10 English First Flight Chapter 6 Glimpses of India

Summary

(I) A Baker from Goa

Goa is very much influenced by the Portuguese. Their traditional work can be still seen there. The Portuguese are famous for preparing the loaves of bread. We can come across the makers of bread.
The writer tells about his childhood days in Goa when the baker used to visit their friend. He used to visit the house twice a day. In the morning, his jingling sound of the bamboo woke them from sleep. They all ran to meet him. The loaves were purchased by the man-servant of the house. The villagers were much fond of the sweet bread known as ‘bol’. The marriage gifts were meaningless without it. So the bakers’ furnace in the village was the most essential thing. The lady of the house prepared sandwiches on the occasion of her daughter’s engagement. In those days the bread sellers wore a particular dress known as ‘Kabai’. It was a single piece long frock up to the knees. Even today, they can be seen wearing a half pant that reaches just below the knees. People usually comment that he is dressed like a ‘pader’. Baking was a profitable profession in the old days. The baker and his family never starved and they looked happy and prosperous.

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Extract Based Questions (4 marks each)

Read the passages given below and answer the questions that follow:

Question 1.

(a) What are the elders nostalgic about ?

(b) How can you say that bread-making is still popular in Goa ?

(d) Which word in the passage means the same as ‘cook’ ?

Answer:
(a) The elders are nostalgic about the good old Portuguese days and their famous loaves of bread.
(b) Bread-making is still popular in Goa because the bread makers are still there and so are their mixers, moulders and furnaces.

(d) Bake.

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Question 2.

Our elders are often heard reminiscing nostalgically about those good old Portuguese days, the Portuguese and their famous loaves of bread. Those eaters of loaves might have vanished but the makers are still there. We still have amongst us the mixers, the moulders and those who bake the loaves. Those age-old, time- tested furnaces still exist. The fire in the furnaces has not yet been extinguished. The thud and jingle of the traditional baker’s bamboo, heralding his arrival in the morning, can still be heard in some places. May be the father is not alive but the son still carries on the family profession.
(a) Why do the elders think about their past ?

(b) Mention two different tasks done by the bakers.

(d) How is the family profession still carried ?

Answer:
(a) They miss the good old days.

(b) The baker mix the dough, mould it and bake the loaves.

(d) The son carries the family profession.

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Question 3.

He would greet the lady of the house with ‘Good Morning’ and then place his basket on the vertical bamboo. We kids would be pushed aside with a mild rebuke and the loaves would be delivered to the servant. But we would not give up. We would climb a bench or the parapet and peep into the basket, somehow. I can still recall the typical fragrance of those loaves. Loaves for the elders and bangles for the children.

(a) Why does the baker rebuke the kids ?

(b) What does the narrator still remember ?

(d) Which word in the passage means the same as ‘sweet smell.’

OR
(a) Why would the children peep into the basket ?

(b) Why did he push aside the children ?

(d) What is the greeting word in the passage ?

Answer:
(a) He rebukes the kids to push them aside to make space and deliver the bread to the servants.

(b) He still remembers the typical fragrance of the loaves.

(d) Fragrance

OR
(a) The children, allured by the aroma of loaves of fresh bread, used to climb on parapets or on a bench to peep into the baker’s basket. The bangles of sweet bread were a great fascination for them.

(b) The baker’s entry with the jingling thud of his bamboo was an occasion of great excitement for the children. He would push them aside with a mild rebuke, just to get them out of the way.

(d) Good morning.

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Question 4.

Marriage gifts are meaningless without the sweet bread known as the ‘bol’, just as a party or a feast loses its charm without bread. Not enough can be said to show how important a baker can be for a village. The lady of the house must prepare sandwiches on the occasion of her daughter’s engagement. Cakes and bols are a must for Christmas as well as for other festivals. Thus, the presence of the baker’s furnace in the village is absolutely essential.

(a) What makes marriage gifts meaningless ?

(b) What does the lady of the house prepare on the occasion of hef daughter’s engagement ?

(d) What is must for Christmas ?

Answer:
(a) Breads are a very important part of the culture of the people in Goa. A marriage gift would have no meaning if a sweet bread known as the ‘bol’ is not given.

(b) The lady of the house, prepares sandwiches on the occasion of her daughter’s engagement.

(d) Cakes and bols.

Question 5.

The baker usually collected his bills at the end of the month. Monthly accounts used to be recorded on some wall in pencil. Baking was indeed a profitable profession in the old days. The baker and his family never starved. He, his family and his servants always looked happy and prosperous. Their plump physique was an open testimony to this.

(a) Where were the monthly accounts of the baker recorded ?

(b) Why did the baker and his family never starve ?

(d) How was the baker’s life ?

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Answer:
(a) The baker maintained his monthly accounts on a wall, with a pencil.

(b) Bread, being a commodity of daily use was sold well and thus baking was a profitable profession that brought prosperity to the baker.

(d) Happy and prosperous.

Question 6.

The baker usually collected his bills at the end of the month. Monthly accounts used to be recorded on some wall in pencil. Baking was indeed a profitable profession in the olden days. The baker and his family never starved. He, his family and his servants looked happy and prosperous. Their plump physique was a testimony for this. Even today, any person with jackfruit—like physical appearance is easily compared to a baker.

(a) How can you say baking was a profitable profession ?

(b) What can you say about the financial status of the baker’s family ?

(d) How is the physical appearance of baker compared ?

Answer:
(a) We can say that bread-making was a profitable business because bread is a permanent item of a Goan meal. Hence, the baker and his family never starved.

(b) The financial status of the baker and his family was good because they always looked happy and prosperous.
(c) ‘Starved means ‘Not able to get sufficient food’.

(d) The physical apperance of the baker is compared to a ‘Jackfruit’.

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Short Answer Type Questions

(30-40 words & 2 marks each)

Question 1. What are the elders in Goa nostalgic about ?

Answer: The elders in Goa are nostalgic about the good old Portuguese days and the Portuguese loaves of bread. The Portuguese were very famous for their bread.

Question 2. What did the bakers wear when the author was young ?

Answer: The bakers in the Portuguese days wore a peculiar dress called the ‘Kabai’. It was a long single piece of frock reaching down to the knees. When the author was young, they wore a shirt and a trouser that was longer than a half pant and shorter than a full pant.

Question 3. How did the baker attract the children ?

Answer: The baker attracted the children not by his jingle or by the loaves of bread he sold but attracted the children by the bread bangles or the special sweet bread he sold.

Question 4. Baking was considered essential in a traditional Goan village. What reasons does the writer give to support his point ?

Answer: No festival in Goa is complete without bakery products—be it marriages, engagements or any other ceremony. Traditional sweet bread, known as ‘bol’ is to be given with marriage gifts. At Christmas ‘bolinhas’ and cakes are a must.

Question 5. Even today any person with a jackfruit-like physical appearance is easily compared to a baker. Explain.

Answer: Bread-making is a prosperous business in Goa. The physique of the baker, i.e., his plump and round body are testimony to that. Therefore, anyone who was fat and plump just like a jackfruit was easily compared to a baker.

Question 6. Where were the monthly accounts of the baker recorded ?

Answer: The baker maintained his monthly accounts on some wall. He usually collected his bills at the end of the month.

Question 7. Is bread an important part of Goan life ? How do you know this ?

Answer: Yes, bread is an important part of Goan life even today. This we can definitely say because bread is not only a part of their daily life but also of important occasions like Christmas, festivals, weddings and engagements. These occasions are incomplete without a special preparation for each event, made from bread.

Question 8. Comment on the significance of a bread baker in a traditional Goan village ?

Answer: Bread is a permanent item of a Goan meal and the baker is an important member of the Goan community. Besides, sweet bread ‘bol’ is a special delicacy, served at festivals and cakes and bolinhas are a special charm at Christmas. A baker’s furnace is therefore indispensable in a traditional Goan village.

Long Answer Type Questions

(100-120 words & 8 marks each)

Question 1. What was the peculiar dress of the bakers during the Portuguese days ?

Answer: During the Portuguese days, the bakers wore a peculiar dress called the ‘kabai’, that was a frock in a single piece, reaching upto the knees. But during his childhood, the author had seen the bakers wearing shirts with trousers that were longer than half pants, but shorter than a full length one.

Question 2. Describe the childhood memories of the author’s time in Goa and his fondness for breads and cakes ? [VALUE BASED QUESTION] OR The author shares a lot of information about the bakers in his home town when he was young. He appears to be a very observant child. Should children have such keen observation powers?

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Answer:
Value Points:

· leading role of baker in society.

· use of different breads and cakes in function and festivals.

· baker greeted by children, not washing mouth, eating bread bangles.

· musical entry.

· prosperous family of baker.

· dress of baker/pader.

Detailed Answer:

The author tells us that bread is an indispensable part of the life of the Goan people since the time of the Portuguese. Bread is a part of not only everyday life but also of festive occasions and events. For each occasion there was a special kind of bread. He also tells us that the baker had leading role in the society was so important in the life of the Goans that they got up with the jingling sound of his bamboo. He also tells us that the baker wore either a Kabai, i.e., a long frock or a shirt and a half pant like trousers.

The author seems to be very observant because not only does he know all this but also knows the profit-making in it as he says that in those days, the baker was very prosperous and never starved. He also knew that they maintained monthly bills on the walls. Such strong observation powers would definitely be beneficial for children as they would become aware of citizens of their neighbourhood.

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Value Based Questions

Question 1. How can a baker be recognized?

Answer: Value Points :

Due to thud and jingle of the traditional baker’s bamboo with which he enters -by their particular dress Kabai -single piece long frock reaching down to the knees.

Detailed Answer:

A baker can be recognized due to thud and jingle of his traditional bamboo with which he enters. He can also be recognized by their particular dress Kabai- the single piece long frock, reaching down to the knees.

Question 2. In the light of the lesson ‘A Baker From Goa’, discuss the culture of Goa. Discuss the impact of culture on the life of individuals.

Answer: The lesson reflects the strong Portuguese effect on the Goan culture, testifying the fact that the ideologies of the political powers have a strong influence on the lives of common people and also their lifestyles. For instance bread as a steady food item is a tradition borrowed from the Portuguese, in contrast to chapati or rice as an essential part of a balanced diet in India.

‘Culture’ of a place is developed as an outcome of the traditions followed by the people, the conventions they adhere to, the religion they follow, their ethic and morals and the philosophy of life that guides them. The author is nostalgic about his childhood days and has strong cultural ties with Goa.

Question 3. Should we learn from the history that has passed on to us from generations ?

Answer: History is the mirror through which we can relive our past. It actually provides a path that our ancestors have laid for us. The various battles and wars, that were fought and won, shows us the strength and valour our people had. The traditions and customs make us a better human being.
‘A Baker from Goa’ is a pen portrait of a traditional Goan village baker who still has an important place in the society. The paders pick up the knowledge of bread baking from traditions in the family. The leavened, oven- baked bread is a gift of the Portuguese to India. These traditions have strengthened our present.

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(II) Coorg

Coorg is a heavenly place which lies midway between Mysore and Mangalore. It is the smallest district in Karnataka and has evergreen forests, spices and coffee plantations. The best season is between September to March when the weather is perfect for a visit to Coorg.

The people are of Greek or Arabic descent. It is rumoured that a part of Alexander’s army drifted here and found it impossible to return. They married among the locals so their traditions and rites may be different from other Indians. Some people say that Coorgi’s are of Arabic descent as many-people wear
a long black coat with embroidered waist belt which is similar to the kuffia worn by the Arabs.
The people of Coorg are known for their hospitality and recount many tales of bravery. General Cariappa, the first Army Chief was a Coorgi. The Kodavus are the only people in India to carry firearms without a license.
A variety of wildlife like the Mahaseer- a large fresh water fish, kingfishers, squirrels, langurs and elephants can be seen here.

Coorg is also well-known for high energy adventures like river rafting, canoeing, rappelling, rock-climbing etc.
The Brahmagiri hills give the climber an awe-inspiring view of Coorg. A walk across the rope bridge leads to the sixty-four acre island of Nisargadhama.

Bylakuppe in Coorg is India’s largest settlement of Buddhist monks. These Buddhist monks can be seen here dressed in red, ochre and yellow robes.

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Extract Based Questions (4 marks each)

Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:

Question 1. Midway between Mysore and the coastal town of Mangalore sites a piece of heaven that must have drifted from the kingdom of God. This land of rolling hills is inhabited by a proud race of martial men, beautiful women and wild creatures. Coorg or Kodagu, the smallest district of Karnataka, is home to evergreen rain forests, spices and coffee plantations. Evergreen rain forests cover thirty percent of this district.

(a) Where is Coorg situated ?

(b) What type of people inhabit this land of rolling hills ?

(d) Which word in the passage means the same as ‘brave men’ ?

Answer:
(a) Coorg is situated midway between Mysore and the coastal town of Mangalore.

(b) These rolling hills are inhabited by a proud race of martial men, beautiful women and wild creatures.

(d) Martial men

Question 2. Evergreen rainforests cover thirty percent of this district During the monsoons, it pours enough to keep many visitors away. The season of joy commences from September and continues till March. The weather is perfect, with some showers thrown in for good measure. The air breathes of invigorating coffee. Coffee estates and colonial bungalows stand tucked under tree canopies in prime corners.

(a) Why is the monsoon season not the best time to visit Coorg ?

(b) What is the best period for the visitors ?

(d) Which plantation is ‘Popular’ ?

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Answer:
(a) About thirty percent of the land area in Coorg district is covered with evergreen rain forests. There are heavy downpours during the monsoon season which prevents visitors from visiting Coorg during this time.
(b) The best season for visiting Coorg begins at the end of the monsoons in September and continues till March.
(c) The word ‘commences’ means ‘starts’.

(d) Coffee plantation.

Question 3. The fiercely independent people of Coorg are possibly of Greek or Arabic descent. As one story goes a part of Alexander’s army moved South along the coast and settled here when return became impractical. These people married amongst the locals and their culture is apparent in the martial traditions, marriage and religious rites, which are distinct from the Hindu mainstream.

(a) Write one special quality of the people of Coorg.

(b) Indicate their possible descent.

(d) From where do the the people of Coorg descent ?

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Answer:
(a) They are fiercely independent people.

(b) Their possible descent might be Greek or Arabic.

(d) Greek or Arabic.

Question 4. Coorgi homes have a tradition of hospitality, and they are more than willing to recount numerous tales of valour related to their sons and fathers. The Coorg Regiment is one of the most decorated in the Indian Army, and the first Chief of the Indian Army, General Cariappa, was a Coorgi. Even now, Kodavus are the only people in India permitted to carry firearms without a licence.

(a) What kind of stories are the Coorg people always ready to tell ?

(b) Who was the first Chief of the Indian Army ?

(d) Who are permitted to carry fire arms without a license ?

OR
(a) How is the Coorg Regiment decorated ?

(b) Who was the first Coorg to become the Chief of the Indian Army ?

(d) What kind of tales are more popular ?

OR
(a) Name the regiment that has received maximum number of awards for bravery.

(b) Name the only people in India who are permitted to carry firearms without a license.

(d) What is the tradition of Coorg homes ?

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Answer:
(a) Coorgi people are always ready to tell tales of valour, bravery and courage related to their sons and fathers.
(b) General Cariappa was the first Chief of the Indian Army.

(d) Kodavus.

OR
(a) Coorgi Regiment is decorated with many awards and trophies it has got.

(b) General Cariappa.

(d) Tales of valour are more popular.

OR
(a) The Coorg regiment has received the maximum number of awards for bravery.

(b) The Kodavus are the only people in India permitted to carry firearms without a license.

(d) Coorgi homes have a tradition of hospitality.

Short Answer Type Questions

(30-40 words & 2 marks each)

Question 1. Where is Coorg situated ? What type of place is it ?

Answer: Coorg is situated between Mysore and the coastal town of Mangalore. It is a very beautiful place and appears as if it were drifted from the kingdom of God.

Question 2. Why is Coorg called the land of rolling hills ?

Answer: Coorg is called the land of rolling hills because the city is situated on the gentle sloping hills. The entire area is covered with these hills.

Question 3. What is the story about the Kodavu people’s Greek descent ?

Answer: According to one story, the Kodavu people are of Greek descent because a part of Alexander’s army moved south and finally settled there when returning became impractical.

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Question 4. Why are the people of Coorg known as descendants of the Arabs ?

Answer: The people of Coorg are also known as the descendants of the Arab people because of the long black coat worn by them with an embroidered waist band. This is called kuppia in Coorg and resembles the kuffia worn by the Arabs and Kurds.

Question 5. Which season is the best to visit Coorg ?

Answer: The season of joy that commences from September and continues till March is the best to visit Coorg as some showers make the weather perfect and the air becomes fragrant with the aroma of coffee.

Question 6. The people of Coorg have a tradition of courage and bravery. How has it been recognized in modem India ?

Answer: The people of Coorg are known for their high energy, courageous and adventurous sports like canoeing, rappelling, rock climbing and mountain biking, trekking, etc. The Coorg Regiment is one of the most decorated in the Indian Army. The first Chief of Indian Army, General Cariappa, was a Coorgi, Even now Kodavus are the only people in India permitted to carry firearms without a license.

Question 7. Why has Coorg been referred to as ‘a piece of heaven drifted from the kingdom of God’ ?

Answer: Coorg is often referred to as a small piece heaven because of its natural beauty—of its evergreen forest, rolling hills, coffee plantations and spice trees. The freshness of the natural surroundings is further enhanced by the aroma of coffee.

Question 8. What legacy have the colonial powers left to the district of Coorg ?

Answer: Colonial presence in Coorg region is evident from the legacy of bungalows and coffee plantations that the region has inherited from them. It is believed that Coorgis are descendant of the Greek or Arab and the culture of these regions is strongly evident in the martial traditions and their marriage and religious ceremonies.

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Question 9. What do you know about “Bylakuppe” as mentioned in the lesson, ‘Coorg’ ?

Answer: Bylakuppe is India’s largest Tibetan settlement of Buddhist monks. They can be seen here dressed in red ochre and yellow robes.

Question 10. Throw some light on the vast bio-diversity of Coorg.

Answer: The evergreen forests of Coorg enclose vast treasures of flora and fauna. It is a home to squirrels, langurs, kingfishers, elephants, slender loris bees and butterflies. Its river Kaveri abounds in Mahaseer—a large fresh water fish. The spice and coffee plantations, further add to its vast biodiversity.

Question 11. What do the people of Coorg teach us ?

Answer: Coorg people are famous for their hospitality, love, respect and fellow feeling which is the need of the present hour. The adventurous sports like river-rafting, canoeing, rappelling, rock climbing and mountain biking are great motivators. The Coorg Regiment is famous for receiving maximum number of awards for its bravery. The first Chief of Indian Army, General Cariappa was a Coorgi.

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Long Answer Type Questions

(100-120 words & 8 marks each)

Question 1. ‘Coorg’ seems to share a lot of historical perspectives. Is knowing such kind of historical knowledge important for us ?

Answer: In the lesson ‘Coorg’, the author tells us that the Coorgi people are descendants of either the Greeks or the Arabs. He says that they could have Greek origin because there was a legend that a part of Alexander’s army had moved to south and settled here. According to another legend, they had Arab origin because of the dresses they wore.

The author also tells us that the first General of the Indian Army, General Cariappa was a Coorg.

It is important for us to know about the deep rooted cultural background of our country and heritage so that we become aware of the fact that our culture has always welcomed people from other cultures and absorbed them into its own. This spreads the message of being tolerant which is very important in today’s world when the world is torn with war because of these ethnic reasons.

(III) Tea from Assam

‘Tea from Assam’ is an interesting story about tea, its history and significance. Two boys Rajvir and Pranjol are travelling to Assam. Rajvir tells Pranjol that over 8,00,000,000 cups of tea are drunk everyday throughout the world.

The train passes through green hills with a sea of tea bushes as far as can be seen. Rajvir is very excited but Pranjol, who has been brought up on a plantation, does not share his excitement. Rajvir then tells him about the various legends—Indian and Chinese—behind tea. He tells him how a Chinese emperor by chance discovered tea back in 2700 BC. Another story was about how ten tea plants grew out of eyelids of Bodhidharma, a Buddhist ascetic.

These words ‘Chai’ and ‘Chini’ are Chinese words. It was only in the sixteenth century that tea came to Europe.
By now they had reached Marian junction where they got down and set off for Dhekiabari Tea Estate. On both sides of the road, there were tea bushes with women plucking tea leaves. Pranjol’s father told Rajvir that he would tell them many more things about tea plantation.

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Extract Based Questions (4 marks each)

Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:

Question 1. ‘Chai garam… garam chai’ a vendor called out in a high pitched voice. He came up to their window and asked, ‘Chai, sa’ab’ ? ‘Give us two cups,’ Pranjol said. They sipped the steaming hot liquid. Almost everyone in their compartment was drinking too. ‘Do you know that over 8,00,000,000 cups of tea are drunk every day all over the world’ ? Rajvir asked.

(a) Who was speaking in a high pitched voice and for what ?

(b) What was ordered by Pranjol ?

(d) Which word in the passage means the same as ‘chinked’ ?

Answer:
(a) A tea vendor was speaking in a high pitched voice to attract customers from the train to buy hot tea.

(b) Pranjol ordered for two cups of tea.

(d) Sipped.

Question 2. It was a magnificent view. Against the backdrop of densely wooded hills, a sea of tea bushes stretched as far as the eye could see. Dwarfing the tiny tea plants were tall sturdy shade-trees and amidst the ordely rows of bushes busily moved doll-like figures. In the distance was an ugly building with smoke billowing out of tall chimneys. ‘Hey, a tea garden !’, Rajvir cried excitedly.

(a) What have the tea plantations been compared to ?

(b) What are the doll like figures referred to here ?

(d) Which word in the passage means the same as ‘splendid’.

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Answer:
(a) Tea plantations have been compared to a sea of tea bushes.

(b) The doll like figures referred to here are the tea pluckers.

(d) ‘Magnificient’.

Question 3. We have an Indian legend too. Bodhidharma, an ancient Buddhist ascetic, cut off his eyelids because he felt sleepy during meditations. Ten tea plants grew out of the eyelids. The leaves of these when put in hot water and drunk banished sleep.

‘Tea was first drunk in China’, Rajvir added, ‘as far back as 2700 B.C. In fact words such as tea, ‘chai’ and ‘chini’ are from Chinese. Tea came to Europe only in the sixteenth century and was drunk more as medicine than as beverage.’

(a) Why did the Buddhist ascetic cut off his eyelids ?

(b) How was tea used in Europe ?

(d) How many tea plants grew out of the eyelids ?

Answer:
(a) The Buddhist ascetic cut off his eyelids to avoid being sleepy during his meditations.

(b) When tea was introduced in Europe, in the sixteenth century, it was drunk more as a medicine and less as a beverage.

(d) Ten tea plants

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Question 4. ‘Tea was first drunk in China’, Rajveer added ‘as far back as 2700 B.C. In fact words such as tea, chai and chini are from Chinese. Tea came to Europe only in the sixteenth century and was drunk more as medicine than a beverage.’

(a) Where was tea first drunk ?

(b) Which language are the words ‘Chai’ and ‘Chini’ derived from ?

(d) Who is the narrator in the passage ?

Answer:
(a) Tea was first drunk in China in about 2700 BC.

(b) The words tea, chai and chini are derived from Chinese language.

Question 5.

Pranjol’s father slowed down to allow a tractor, pulling a trailer-load of tea leaves, to pass. ‘This is the second flush or sprouting period, isn’t it, Mr. Barua ?’ Rajvir asked, ‘It lasts from May to July and yields the best tea.’ ‘You seem to have done your homework before coming,’ Pranjol’s father said in surprise. ‘Yes, Mr. Barua,’ Rajvir admitted. ‘But I hope to learn much more when I’m here.’

(a) Why did Mr. Barua feel surprised ?

(b) How did Rajvir want to spend his stay there ?

(d) Which time of the year tea is yieded ?

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Answer:
(a) Mr. Barua was surprised that Rajvir knew so much about tea plantations, despite the fact that it was his first visit to Assam. He appreciated the fact that Rajvir had collected a considerable amount of information before coming.

(b) Rajvir hoped to learn more about tea during his stay.

(d) Tea is yielded from May to July.

Short Answer Type Questions

(30-40 words & 2 marks each)

Question 1. Why was Rajvir excited to see the tea gardens ?

OR
What made Rajvir amazed in the way ?

Answer: Rajvir found the view outside the train splendid and eye catching with so much of greenery. It was his first visit to Assam and he was fascinated by the sprawling tea gardens, spreading like a green sea of neatly pruned bushes and found it more interesting to watch, than reading his book on detectives.

Question 2. How does Rajvir describe the view from the train ?

Answer: Rajvir describes the magnificent view of the landscape from the train window. It was a sea of tea bushes, fleeting against the backdrop of densely wooded hills. At odd intervals, there were tall shade-tree and one could see women tea-pluckers picking tea leaves, who appeared to be doll like figures.

Question 3. What information was given by Pranjol’s father to Rajvir about Assam Tea State ?

Answer: Pranjol’s father agreed to Rajvir’s information about it being the second-flush or sprouting period.

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Question 4. What legends are associated with the origin of tea?

Answer: Chinese legend is that once a few leaves of the twigs burning under the pot fell into the water and gave a delicious flavour : According to the Indian legend, Bodhidharma cut off his eyelids because he felt sleepy during meditation and threw on the earth. Ten tea plants which grew out of the eyelids, when boiled in water and drunk it banished his sleep.

Question 5. What is the Chinese legend regarding tea ?

Answer: The Chinese legend about tea is that there was a Chinese emperor who had the habit of boiling water before drinking it. Once, a few twigs of the leaves burning under the pot fell into the water and gave it a delicious flavour. Those leaves were tea leaves.

Question 6. How did Rajvir describe, the tea garden at Dhekiabari ?

Answer: Rajvir’s visit to Dhekiabari, where Pranjol’s father worked as a manager, was a novel experience and he found it extremely fascinating. As they proceeded along the gravel road, with neatly pruned sea of tea bushes spreading over acres of land, he saw groups of tea-workers, wearing plastic aprons and baskets of bamboo sticks on their back, picking newly sprouted tea leaves.

Question 7. How are the tea-pluckers different from the other farm labourers’ ?

Answer: Tea pluckers are different from the other farm labourers as the tea pluckers are hired labourers whereas the farm labourers can be hired or can be the owners of the land. Tea pluckers just pluck leaves whereas farm labourers go through the whole process, i.e., from sowing to harvesting.

Question 8. Describe the magnificent views of tea estate with reference to the lesson

Answer: The view around the tree estate was magnificent. There was greenery all round. Against the backdrop of densely wooded hills, a sea of tea bushes stretched as far as the eye could see.

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Long Answer Type Questions

(100-120 words & 8 marks each)

Question 1. Rajvir seemed to have a lot of information about tea. What all does he tell ? What character trait about him is revealed ? Is it essential for children ?

Answer: Rajvir had been invited to spend his vacations with his classmate Pranjol whose father was the manager of a tea estate in Assam. He was quite excited about the trip and had gathered considerable amount of information about where tea originated and how it became such a popular beverage. He informs that about 50 crore cups of tea are consumed daily and that the name tea itself has originated from Chinese. He narrates two popular legends about the origin of tea.

Rajvir exhibits an important value trait, that is the pre-requisite to gain knowledge-curiosity and eagerness to know. Moreover, he is not a passive learner but is proactive in collecting prior information to any real experience. He likes to do his homework thoroughly before going to a place. This is something very appreciable and children should develop this habit of finding out about the place they are going to visit. These are extremely desirable traits for all learners.

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Question 2. What information did Rajvir share with Pranjol and his father ?

Answer: Rajvir had a lot of information about tea. He told Pranjol that though there are many legends about it, no one actually knows about the origin of it. One Chinese legend says that it was accidentally discovered by a Chinese Emperor. Another legend, which is Indian, says that it was discovered by Bodhidharma. The legend says that he cut off his eyelids as he felt sleepiness during meditation and tea plants grew out of them to banish sleep when they were drunk. He also knew that tea was first drunk in China in 2700 B.C. and it reached Europe in the sixteenth century as a medicine. He also informed Pranjol that the words tea, chai and chini are Chinese. He even had knowledge about the sprouting season on the second-flush which is the best in the world.

Value Based Questions

Question 1. What scenery did Rajvir notice while sitting in the train ?

Answer:
Value Points:

· It was green and magnificent view Rajvir ever saw.

· There was a sea of tea bushes, densely wooded hills.

· Doll-like figures with bamboo baskets were moving everywhere.

· An ugly building with tall chimneys also.

Detailed Answer:

Rajvir could see green and magnificent view while sitting in the train. He could also see densely wooded hills accompanied by a sea of tea bushes. He could also view doll like figures with bamboo baskets moving every where. He even saw an ugly building with tall chimneys.

Question 2. What details do you gather about tea from the lesson, ‘Tea from Assam’ ?

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Answer: Tea was first drunk in China. Even the words ‘Chai’ and ‘Chini’ are from Chinese. It goes back to 2700 B.C. In the 16th century tea came to Europe. There are unlimited tea fields in Assam. Unlike the other farms labourers, who might never carry the harvest on their backs, the tea pluckers, i.e., the groups of women were there hanging bamboo baskets on their backs. They pluck the newly grown fresh tea leaves from the plants and store them in their baskets. They also wear plastic apron.

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Extra Questions Chapter 7 Glimpses of India

Part I A Baker from Goa

Extract Based Questions [3 Marks each]

Read the following extracts carefully and answer the questions that follow

Question 1. We kids would be pushed aside with a mild rebuke and the loaves would be delivered to the servant. But we would not give up. We would climb a bench or the parapet and peep into the basket, somehow. I can still recall the typical fragrance of those loaves. Loaves for the elders and the bangles for the children.

(a) Who are ‘we’ in the extract?

(b) Why were the children pushed aside?

(d) What was there in the basket?

Answer:
(a) ‘We’ in the extract refers to the narrator and his friends.

(b) The kids were pushed aside so that the breads can be delivered to the servants.

(d) There were some loaves for the elders and some bangles for the children.

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Question 2.

Marriage gifts are meaningless without the sweet bread known as the bol, just as a party or a feast loses its charm without bread. Not enough can be said to show how important a baker can be for a village. The lady of the house must prepare sandwiches on the occasion of her daughter’s engagement. Cakes and bolinhas are a must for Christmas as well as other festivals. Thus, the presence of the baker’s furnace in the village is absolutely essential.

(a) What are compulsorily prepared during Christmas in Goa?

(b) Why is a baker necessary in a village?

(d) What is must to be prepared on a daughter’s engagement by a lady?

Answer:
(a) During Christmas cakes and bolinhas are compulsorily prepared in Goa.

(b) A baker is necessary in a village because different kinds of breads are required by the villagers for daily consumption as well as for special occasions.

(d) The lady of the house must prepare sandwiches on the occasion of her daughter’s engagement.

Question 3. The baker usually collected his bills at the end of the month. Monthly accounts used to be recorded on some wall in pencil. Baking was indeed a profitable profession in the old days. The baker and his family never starved. He, his family and his servants always looked happy and prosperous. Their plump physique was an open testimony to this. Even today any person with a jackfruit-like physical appearance is easily compared to a baker.

(a) Where did the baker record his accounts?

(b) Why did the baker and his family never starve?

(d) How can a baker be identified in Goa?

Answer:
(a) The baker recorded his accounts on some wall in pencil.

(b) The baker and his family never starved because baking was a profitable profession.

(d) Any person with a Jackfruit-like physical appearance is easily identified to a baker as their pump physique is an open testimony of their happiness and prosperity.

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Short Answer Type Questions [2 Marks each]

Question 1. What did the baker do first once he reached a house?

Answer: The baker would first greet the lady of the house by saying “Good Morning”. He would then place the basket on the vertical bamboo and deliver the loaves to the servant.

Question 2. How did the baker make his entry?

Answer: The baker used to enter with the Jingling sound of his specially made bamboo staff. His one hand supported the basket on his head and the other banged the bamboo on the ground.

Question 3. How do we get to know that the makers of bread still exist?

Answer: The narrator states that the eaters of loaves might have vanished but the makers are still there. He further says that those age old, time tested furnaces still exist and the fire in the furnaces had not yet been extinguished.

Question 4. What is the importance of breads for the Goans?

or
Why was the Baker’s furnace essential in a traditional Goan village?

Answer: Different kinds of breads are important during the different occasions. Bolinhas had to be prepared during Christmas and other festivals. The mothers used to prepare sandwiches on the occasion of their daughter’s engagement. So, the baker’s furnace was essential.

Question 5. Describe the dress of the bakers.

Answer: The bakers had a peculiar dress earlier known as the kabai. It was a one piece long frock reaching down to the knees.

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Long Answer (Value Based) Type Questions

[8 Marks each]

Question 1. Instead of enjoying their childhood, the children today are keen to enter adulthood. After reading about all the joys that the author Lucio Rodrigues had in his childhood do you think such a keenness on the part of children is desirable?

Answer: I don’t think that the keenness of the children these days to enter adulthood is desirable. Children these days are in a hurry to enter adulthood and have access to technology. Due to this they are learning things earlier than usual and getting matured beyond their age.

Hence, they are losing out their childhood and missing the joys that it brings with it. As per my thinking, they should grow at a slow pace and enjoy their childhood to the fullest. Children who miss out on their childhood cannot be a complete adult. So, they should not hurry up to be an adult and grow at nature’s pace.

Question 2. After reading the story ‘A Baker from Goa”, do you think our traditions, heritage, values and practices are the roots that nourish us? Why/why not?

Answer: ‘A Baker from Goa’ highlights the importance of the traditional practice of making breads for every occasion and festival of the Goan people. This tradition continues even today. This shows how our traditional practices can keep us to our past and heritage.

Traditional values shape our personality and also provide us emotional support. They enable us to face difficult situations and makes us mentally strong. Traditional practices also have an impact on our behavioural pattern towards the other people in society.

Question 3. ‘During our childhood in Goa, the baker used to be our friend, companion and guide.’ What does this statement imply in relation tofhe character of the baker?

Answer: This statement tells us that the baker was a very respected person in the Goan society because he would guide the children about good behaviour (when he mildly rebuked them for peeping into his basket and giving respect to the elders (when he wished “Good morning” to the lady of the house) etc. He was very informal with the children and so the author

considered him as a friend and companion. He was not simply a vendor interested in selling what he made. Thus, he was an important character in the Goan society of those days.

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Part II Coorg

Extract Based Questions [3 Marks each]

Read the following extracts carefully and answer the questions that follow

Question 1. Midway between Mysore and the coastal town of Mangalore sits a piece of heaven that must have drifted from the kingdom of God. This land of rolling hills is inhabited by a proud race of martial men, beautiful women and wild creatures.

Coorg, or Kodagu, the smallest district of Karnataka, is home to evergreen rainforests, spices and coffee plantations.

(a) Which kind of animals are we likely to see at Coorg ?

(b) What is Coorg known for?

(d) Where is Coorg situated?

Answer:
(a) We are likely to see wild animals in Coorg.

(b) Coorg is known for its evergreen rainforests, spices and coffee plantations.

(d) Coorg is situated between the midway of Mysore and the coastal town of Mangalore.

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Question 2. The fiercely independent people of Coorg are possibly of Greek or Arabic descent. As one story goes, a part of Alexander’s army moved South along the coast and settled here when return became impractical. These people married amongst the locals and their culture is apparent in the martial traditions, marriage and religious rites, which are distinct from the Hindu mainstream.

(a) Which descent do the people of coorg belong to?

(b) Where can we find the culture of Coorg most apparently?

(d) Which story is famous about the people of Coorg?

Answer:
(a) The people of Coorg belong to Greek or Arabic descent.

(b) The Coorg people’s culture is most apparent in their martial traditions, religious rites and marriages.
(c) ‘Rites’ from the extract means ‘an act that is part of a religious ceremony’.

(d) It is said that the people of coorg were the descendants of Alexander’s army who settled here when return became impractical.

Question 3. Coorgi homes have a tradition of hospitality, and they are more than willing to recount numerous tales of valour related to their sons and fathers. The Coorg Regiment is one of the most decorated in the Indian Army, and the first Chief of the Indian Army, General Cariappa, was a Coorgi. Even now, Kodavus are the only people in India permitted to carry firearms without a licence.

(a) What kind of stories are the Coorg people always ready to tell?

(b) What is the special favour granted only to them even now?

(d) Who is free to have a firearm without a licence in India?

Answer:
(a) The Coorg people are always ready to tell the tales of valour related to their sons and fathers.

(b) Kodavus are the only people in India permitted to carry firearms without a licence.

(d) Kodavus are the only people in India permitted to carry firearms without a licence.

Question 4. The river, Kaveri, obtains its water from the hills and forests of Coorg. Mahaseer — a large freshwater fish — abound in these waters. Kingfishers dive for their catch, while squirrels and langurs drop partially eaten fruit for the mischief of ^enjoying the splash and the ripple effect in the clear water. Elephants enjoy being bathed and scrubbed in the river by their mahouts.

(a) Which river flows from the hills of Coorg?

(b) Why do the squirrels drop partially eaten fruit in the river?

(d) What do elephants enjoy by their mahouts?

Answer:
(a) The river Kav?ri flows from the hills of Coorg.

(b) The squirrels drop partially eaten fruit in the river because they enjoy the splash and ripple effect created by the fruit hitting the water.

(d) Elephants enjoy being bathed and scrubbed by thier mahouts.

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Short Answer Type Questions [2 Marks each]

Question 1. From whom have the inhabitants of Coorg descended, as per the legend?

Answer: As per the legend, a part of Alexander’s army, when retreating from India, went South and settled in Coorg when they found that they could not return home. Then they married among the locals and their descendants are the Kodavus. (the people of Coorg).

Question 2. How has the Coorgi tradition of courage and bravery recognised in modern India?

Answer: The Coorgi tradition of courage and bravery has been recognised by awarding the Coorg Regiment with the most number of gallantry awards. Besides, the Coorgis are the only Indians allowed to carry firearms without a licence.

Question 3. Describe the wildlife of Coorg.

Answer: The wildlife of Coorg consists of animals like macaques, langurs, squirrels, loris and elephants. The birds spotted in Coorg are kingfishers.

Question 4. Describe any two tourist places of Coorg.

Answer: The climb of Brahmagiri hills brings into a panoramic view of the entire misty landscape of Coorg. A walk across the rope bridge leads to the 64 acre island of Nisargadhama.

Question 5. Describe Coorg’s weather. When is it most pleasant for the tourists to visit Coorg?

Answer: The weather of Coorg is pleasant during the months from September to March. During that time, the weather is perfect with some showers thrown in for good measure. During the monsoon, it receives heavy rainfall.

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Long Answer (Volue Based) Type Questions

[8 Marks each]

Question 1. The Coorgis are the descendants of the Greeks or the Arabs and are still are able to maintain their traditional practices. Do you agree that following these practices today is important? Why or why not?
Answer: After reading the text, I feel that it is important to follow the traditional practices, as it has kept the tradition of Coorgis known to the people even today. If the people of Coorg had not followed it their tradition would have perished and nobody would have remembered themloday because of their culture and traditional practices. According to the text, their traditions can be seen in the martial traditions, religious rites and marriages. The Kodavus even wear the dress which resembles Arabs. Traditional practices also play a very important role in maintaining values amongst people and have an impact on shaping the behaviour of people.

Question 2. How do Coorg’s location, people and natural features add to the diversity of India? CBSE 2016
Answer: Coorg is beautifully located and described as a piece of heaven that must have drifted from the kingdom of God. It has rolling hillsides with a pollution free river and forests teeming with wildlife. Here nature exists in its pristine glory, which adds to the diversity of India. Further, it has coffee and spice plantations, quite different from the rest of India. The local people, the Kodavus, are a martial race. Of course, they are well known for their hospitality, just like all Indians. All these features of Coorg add to the diversity of our country.

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Q.1. which crops grow in Coorg in plenty?

Ans. In Coorg spices and coffee generally grow in plenty.

0.2. What can be seen in Coorg most prominently?

Ans. Coffee estates and colonial bungalows can be seen in Coorg most prominently

Q.3. Whose descendants are the Coorgi supposed to be?

Ans. The Coorgi people are supposed to be the descendants of Alexander's soldiers.

Q.4. What do the Coorgi people happily tell their children?

Ans. The Coorgi people happily tell their children about the bravery of their sons and fathers.

Q.5. Who become converts to the life of high energy adventure?

Ans. The most laid back persons become converts to the life of high energy adventure.

Q.6. How does the author describe Coorg in the opening paragraph?

Ans. In the opening paragraph the author describes Coorg as a piece of heaven which might have been carried along gently by air. This land of rolling hills is inhabitated by a proud race of martial men,

beautiful women and wild creatures.

Q.7. Give a pen-picture of the wild life of Coorg.

Ans. The Kaveri river gets its water from the hills of (Coorg) It (has its own aquatic life with fresh water and plenty of fish. Wild animals and birds like elephants, kingfishers, squirrels, langurs etc are found in plenty there.

Q.8. Write a short note on the high-energy adventure available here.

Ans. A great deal of high-energy adventures are available in Coorg. These include-rafting, canoeing, rappelling, rock climbing and mountain biking. Lots of walking trails are also available here. Coorg is a favourite place for trekkers in this region. The tourists enjoy taking part in such high-energy adventure.

Q.9. When can a tourist have a panoramic view of the entire valley of Coorg?

Ans. A tourist can have a panoramic view of the entire valley of Coorg by climbing to the Brahmagiri hills. A walk across the rope bridge leads to an island. It is the sixty four acre island of Nisargadhama, where the Buddhist monks live in peace.

Q10. Who are the people in India who do not need a licence to carry firearms?

Ans. The Kodavus are the only people in India permitted to carry firearms without a license.

Q.11. How do squirrels and langurs enjoy the clear water in Coorg?

Ans. Squirrels and langurs drop partially eaten fruit for the mischief of enjoying the splash and the ripple effect in the clear water.

Q.12. What is Nisargadhama? How can one go there?

Ans. Nisargadhama is an Island of sixty four acre land in Coorg. Walking across a rope bridge, one can go to Nisargadhama.

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Part III Tea From Assam

Extract Based Questions [3 Marks each]

Read the following extracts carefully and answer the questions that follow

Question 1. “Chai-garam… garam-chai,” a vendor called out in a high-pitched voice. He came up to their window and asked,”Chai, sa’ab?” “Give us two cups,” Pranjol said. They sipped the steaming hot liquid. Almost everyone in their compartment was drinking tea too.

“Do you know that over eighty crore cups of tea are drunk every day throughout the world?” Rajvir said. “Whew!” exclaimed Pranjol. “Tea really is very popular.”

(a) How many cups of tea are drunk everyday throughout the world?

(b) Where were Pranjol and Rajvir when this conversation took place?

(d) Who was selling the tea and where was he?

Answer:
(a) Over eighty crore cups of tea are drunk everyday throughout the world.

(b) Pranjol and Rajvir were in a train when this conversation took place.

(d) A tea vendor was selling tea and he was outside the window of the train compartment.

Question 2. We have an Indian legend too. Bodhidharma, an ancient Buddhist ascetic, cut off his eyelids because he felt sleepy during meditations. Ten tea plants grew out of the eyelids. The leaves of these plants when put in hot water and drunk banished sleep.

“Tea was first drunk in China,” Rajvir added, “as far back as 2700 BC! In fact words such as tea, ‘chai’ and ‘chini’ are from Chinese. Tea came to Europe only in the sixteenth century and was drunk more as medicine than as beverage.”

(a) Who was Bodhidharma?

(b) How is medicine different from a beverage?

(d) When and where was tea first drunk?

Answer:
(a) Bodhidharma was an ancient Buddhist ascetic.

(b) Medicine is used for treating diseases whereas beverage is used for general drinking purpose.

(d) Tea was first drunk in China as far back as 2700 BC.

Question 3. Pranjol’s father slowed down to allow a tractor, pulling a trailer-load of tea leaves, to pass. “This is the second-flush or sprouting period, isn’t it, Mr Barua?” Rajvir asked. “It lasts from May to July and yields the best tea”. “You seem to have done your homework before coming”, Pranjol’s father said in surprise. „ “Yes, Mr Barua”, Rajvir admitted. “But I hope to learn much more while I’m here.”

(a) Why did Mr Barua feel surprised ?

(b) How did Rajvir want to spend his stay there ?

(d) What is the sprouting period of tea?

Answer:
(a) Mr Barua was surprised to know that Rajvir already knew a lot about the tea gardens of Assam.

(b) Rajvir wanted to spend his time discovering the beauty of Assam. He wanted to learn more about the tea plantations of Assam.

(d) The sprouting period or the second-flush of tea lasts from May to July.

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Question 4. “Do you know that over eighty crore cups of tea are drunk every day throughout the world?” Rajvir said. “Whew!” exclaimed Pranjol. “Tea really is very popular.”

The train pulled out of the station. Pranjol buried his nose in his detective book again. Rajvir too was an ardent fan of detective stories, but at the moment he was keener on looking at the beautiful scenery.

(a) How do we know that tea is very popular?

(b) Rajvir was a great fan of reading detective stories. Why didn’t he like to read at that moment?

(d) Where was Rajiv busy when train pulled out of the station?

Answer:
(a) We know that tea is very popular because eighty crore cups of tea are drunk every day throughout the world.
(b) Rajvir didn’t like to read a detective story at that moment because he was more interested in looking at the beautiful scenery which passed by as the train moved.

(d) Rajiv was busy in looking at the beautiful scenery outside the train when train pulled out of the station.

Short Answer Type Questions [2 Marks each]

Question 1. Where were Rajvir and Pranjol going and why?

Answer: Rajvir and Pranjol were going to Assam as Pranjol had invited Rajvir to spend summer vacation there.

Question 2. What did Rajvir see while looking outside from the train?

Answer: Rajvir saw much greenery while looking outside from the train. He was amazed to see the soft: green paddy fields first and then the green tea bushes.

Question 3. ‘This is a tea country now’. Explain this with reference to Assam.

Answer: Assam has the world’s largest concentration of tea plantations in the world. A large number of tea gardens can be found there. Most of the tea grown in Assam is supplied all over the world.

Question 4. In what ways is China related to tea?

Answer: Tea was first drunk in China. The words ‘chai’ and ‘chini’ are from Chinese.

Question 5. Why did Pranjol’s father say that Rajvir had done his homework before visiting Assam?
Answer: Rajvir was very excited about visiting the tea garden and thus, he studied a lot about it before visiting the tea garden. Thus, Pranjol’s father said that Rajvir had already done his homework before visiting Assam.

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Long Answer (Value Based) Type Question

[8 Marks each]

Question 1. According to the text, Assam is said to be ‘tea country’. Do you believe that Assam has some of the best plantations in the world that makes it a unique country?

Answer: In India, some of the best plantations like tea and coffee are grown in huge quantities. India is also a home to many spices like haldi and while Assam is home to tea, Coorg is home to coffee. Others which are grown exclusively in India and exported to various countries. These plantations make India a unique country which has not just traditional spices and beverage plants growing within it but also follows traditional agricultural practices.

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Q.1. Where were Pranjal and Rajvir going to?

Ans. Pranjal and. Rajvir were going to Upper Assam.

Q.2. What did the Chinese emperor do before drinking water?

Ans. The Chinese emperor used to boil water before drinking.

Q.3. What was Pranjal's father?

Ans. Pranjal's father was a tea-garden Manager.

Q.4. Why did Pranjol not share the excitement of seeing a tea-garden with Rajvir?

Ans. Rajvir had never seen a tea-garden before he came to Assam with Pranjol. So he was excited when he saw the tea garden. But Pranjol was born and brought up in a tea garden. That is why Pranjol didnot feel the excitement that Rajvir did.

Q.5. Find out a sentence from the text from which we know that tea is a popular drink.

Ans. From the sentence “Do you know that over eighty crore cups of tea are drunk everyday throughout the world?" We know that tea is a popular drink.

Q.6. What was the name of the tea garden managed by Pranjol's father? Give a discription of the garden.

Ans. The name of the tea garden managed by Pranjol's father was ‘Dhekiabari Tea Eastate'.

Dhekiabari Tea Eastate was a large tea estate. There was a gravel road and on both sides of it were acre upon acre of tea bushes, all neatly cut to the same height. As it was the second sprouting period, groups of tea pluckers with bamboo buskets on their backs and wearing plastic aprons, were plucking the newly sprouted leaves.

Q.7. Write about the two legends narrated by Rajvir about the origin of tea.

Ans. There are two legends regarding the origin of tea. The first one is about a Chinese emperior who always boiled water before drinking it. One day a few tea leaves fell into the pot of the water while boiling, thus giving it a delicious flavour.

The other one is an Indian legend. There was an ancient Buddhist ascetic Bodhidharma, who cut off his eyelids because he felt sleepy during meditation. It is said that tea plants grew out of the eyelids. The leaves of these plants, when put in hot water and drunk, banished sleep.

Q.8. Write about the conversation between Rajvir and Pranjol during their journey.

Ans. Rajvir was pretty excited about his stay at a tea garden. It is evident from his conversation with Pranjol when he says that he has been reading about tea as much as he could. He exclaims when he sees a tea garden. During their journey, he talks about the legends surrounding the origin of tea, how the word "chai' came into being and that tea was first used in Europe as a medicine. He also enthusiastically tells Pranjol's father that he hoped to learn more during his stay.

Q.9. What “Magnificent View did Rajvir see outside while going in the train?

Ans. While going in the train, Rajvir saw tea bushes here and there as far as he could see. Against the densely wooded hills, a sea of tea bushes spread over a vast area. Over the tiny tea plants were tall sturdy shade-trees and amidst the orderly rows of tea bushes he could see dell-like figures busily moving. In the distance stood an ugly building which looked odd among the tea bushes. Smoke was seen coming out of tall chimneys.

Q.10. What was the legend of tea as told by Rajvir?

Ans. As told by Rajvir, the Chinese emperor always boiled water before drinking it. Once all of a sudden a few leaves of the twigs fell into the emperor's boiling water. The leaves gave the water a delicious flavour. It is said that these were tea leaves.

Q.11. Describe in brief the Indian legend about tea.

Ans. According to the Indian legend about tea, Bodhidharma, an ancient Buddhist ascetic cut off his eyelids because he felt sleepy during meditations. The tea plants grew out of the eyelids - and the leaves of these plants when put in hot water and drunk kept sleep away.

Q.12. What did Pranjol's father, tell about that period of the plucking season?

Ans. Mr. Barua, Pranjol's father told Rajvir and Pranjol that it was the second flush or sprouting period. It lasted from the month of May till July. It gave out the best tea, said Rajvir. Mr Barua impressed with Rajvir said that he had done his homework before coming to Assam.

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GLIMSES OF INDIA - SEBA / SMEBA / NCERT CLASS 10 ENGLISH SOLUTIONS

CLASS 10 ENGLISH FIRST FLIGHT CHAPTER 7 GLIMPSES OF INDIA

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Question Bank for Class 10 English First Flight Chapter 6 Glimpses of India

Extra Questions Chapter 7 Glimpses of India

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