SOLUTIONS
OF CHAPTER 2 MAP SCALE
NCERT/CBSE
CLASS 11 GEOGRAPHY PRACTICAL
TEXTUAL SOLUTIONS
1. Choose the right answer
from the four alternatives given below:
Q1(i). Which one of the
following methods of scale is a universal method?
(a)
Simple Statement (b) Representative Fraction
(c) Graphical Scale (d) None of the above
Answer: (b) Representative fraction
Q 1(ii). Map distance in a scale is also known as:
(a) Numerator (b)
Denominator
(c) Statement of Scale (d)
Representative Fraction
Answer: (a) Numerator
Q 1(iii). ‘Numerator’ in
scale represents:
(a) Ground distance (b) Map distance
(c) Both the distances (d) None of the above
Answer: (a) Ground
Distance
Q 2. Answer the following questions
in about 30 words:
Q2(i). What are the two
different systems of measurement?
Answer: Kilometre, metre,
centimetre etc. are used to measure the linear distances between two points on
the ground. It is referred to as the Metric System of Measurement and presently
used in India and many other countries of the world.
Another units which are
used are miles, furlongs, yards, feet, etc. These are two different systems of
measurement of the distances used in different countries of the world. It is
known as the English System of Measurement and is prevalent in both the United
States and the United Kingdom. India also used this system for
measuring/showing linear distances before 1957.
Q2(ii). Give one example
each of statement of scale in Metric and English system.
Answer: Metric System of
Measurement
1 km = 1000 Metres
1 Metre = 100
Centimetres
1 Centimetre = 10
Millimetres
English System of
Measurement
1 Mile = 8 Furlongs
1 Furlong = 220 Yards
1 Yard = 3 feet
1 Foot = 12 Inches.
Q2(iii). Why is the
Representative Fraction method called a Universal method?
Answer: Causes for the
representative method being called universal:
·
It shows the relationship between the map distance and the
corresponding ground distance in units of length.
·
The use of units to express the scale makes it the most
versatile method.
·
R. F. is generally shown in fraction because it shows how much
the real world is reduced to fit on the map.
·
For example, a fraction of 1 : 2,50,000 shows that one unit of
length on the map represents 2,50,000 of the same units on the ground i.e. one
mm, one cm or one inch on the map representing 2,50,000 mm, 2,50,000 cm and
2,50,000 inches, respectively of the ground.
·
While converting the fraction of units into Metric or English
systems, units in centimetre or inch are normally used by convention. This
quality of expressing scale in units in R. F. makes it a universally acceptable
and usable method.
Q2(iv). What are the major
advantages of the graphical method?
Answer: This type of scale
shows map distances and the corresponding ground distances using a line bar
with primary and secondary divisions marked on it. This is referred to as the
graphical scale or bar scale.
Advantages:
·
It can express scale not only in kilometres and metres but the
readings may also be shown in miles and furlongs.
·
Unlike the statement of the scale method, the graphical scale
stands valid even when the map is reduced or enlarged. This is the unique
advantage of the graphical method of the map scale.
Q3. Convert the given
Statement of Scale into Representative Fraction (R. F.).
Question 3(i) 5 cm
represents 10 km
Answer:
Representative Fraction =
DISTANCE OF MAP |
DISTANCE ON GROUND |
Distance on Map = 5 cm
Distance on Ground = 10
km
Representative Fraction
= 510
= 12 km or 2,00,000
Therefore representative
fraction
= 1 : 2,00,000 cm
Q3(ii). 2 inches represents
4 miles
Answer:
Representative Fraction =
DISTANCE OF MAP |
DISTANCE ON GROUND |
2 inches = 4 miles
therefore, 1 inch = 2
miles (63,360 × 2)
1 inch on map = 1,26,720
inches on ground.
Therefore representative
fraction
= 1:1,26, 720
Q3(iii). 1 inch represents 1
yard
Answer:
Representative Fraction
= 136
Distance on Map = 1 inch
Distance on Ground = 1
yard
1 yard = 36 inches
Representative Fraction
=
DISTANCE OF MAP |
DISTANCE ON GROUND |
Therefore representative
fraction = 1:36
Q3(iv). 1 cm represents 100
metres
Answer:
Representative Fraction =
DISTANCE OF MAP |
DISTANCE ON GROUND |
Distance on Map = 1 cm
Distance on Ground = 100
meters
1 cm = 100 meters
Representative Fraction
=
= 110,000
Therefore representative fraction
= 1 : 10,000
Q 4. Convert the given
Representative Fraction (R. F.) into Statement of Scale in the System of
Measurement shown in parentheses:
Question 4(i). 1 : 100,000
(into km)
Answer:
It means 1,00,000 cm on map represents 1 km on ground.
It means 1,00,000
centimetre on map represents 1,00,000 cm on ground.
Therefore, 1 cm
represents 1 km
Q4(ii). 1 : 31680 (into
furlongs)
Answer:
1 inch represents 31,680 inches
1 mile = 8 furlongs
1 furlong = 220 yards
1 yard = 3 feet
1 foot = 12 inches
Therefore, 31680 inches
= 31680 Divided by 12 x 3 x 220 furlongs = 4 furlongs
Therefore, 31680 inches
= 4 furlongs
Q4(iii). 1 : 126,720 (into
miles)
Answer:
1 inch represents 1,26,720 inches
1 mile = 63,360 inches.
Therefore, 1,26,720
inches = 2 miles.
Hence, 1 inch represents
2 miles.
Q4(iv). 1 : 50,000 (into
metres)
Answer:
1 cm represents = 50,000 cm
1 metre = 100 cm
therefore, 1 cm
represents 500 metres.
Q 5. Construct a graphical
scale when the given R. F. is 1 : 50,000 and read the distances in kilometre
and metre.
Answer: According to a
standard, generally, a length of 15 cm is taken to draw a graphical scale.
1:50,000 means that 1 cm on map shows 50,000 cm on ground.
In other words, 1 cm
shows 50,000 cm.
15 cm shows 50,000 x
15/1,00,000
15 cm = 7.5 km
Since 7.5 km is not an
integer, so we can round it off to 5 or 10. Let us round it off to 5 km in this
question.
Therefore, we need to
make the following calculations to express the scale on a length of 5 km.
7.5 km is shown by 15 cm
line.
Therefore, for 5 km we
can express it as 15 x 5/7.5
0. 5 km will be shown by
1 cm on line.
We can make the graph by
following steps:
First of all draw a 10
cm line and divide it in 5 important parts. Except for one part from the left,
let us give all parts a distance of one km. Now divide the first part in 10
equal parts and each part will be equal to 100 metres. We can divide it in five
parts as well and taking one part as 200 metre and so on.
EXTRA QUESTIONS
MULTIPLE CHOICE
QUESTIONS
Q 1. Which of the following
methods of scale remain unaffected on reducing the size of the map
proportionally?
(а) By Scale Statement (b) By representative
Fraction
(c) By graphical or bar
scale (d) None of the above
Answer: (c) By graphical or
bar scale
Q 2. Which of the following
is an example of representative fraction?
(a) Centimetre (b)
Metre (c) Inch (d) None of the above
Answer: (d) None of the above
Q3. When the scale of a map
is expressed in a written statement, it is called:
(a) Statement of Scale (b) Graphical Method
(c) Representative
fraction (d) Conversion of
scale
Answer: (a) Statement of Scale
Q4. Map distances and the
corresponding ground distances using a line bar with primary and secondary
divisions marked on it. This is referred to as what?
(a)
Statement of Scale (b)
Graphical Method
(c) Representative
fraction (d) Conversion of
scale
Answer: (b) Graphical Method
Q 5. When scale is
represented as a ratio distance on map and distance on ground, it is called:
(a) Statement of Scale (b) Graphical Method
(c) Representative
fraction (d) Conversion of
scale
Answer: (c) Representative
fraction
Q 6. What is the formula for
representative Fraction?
Answer:
Answer: (a)
DISTANCE OF MAP |
DISTANCE ON GROUND |
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE
QUESTIONS
Q1. What are different
methods of showing scale on a map?
Answer: There are three
methods of presenting scale:
1. By scale statement
2. by graphical or bar
scale and
3. by representative
fraction.
Q2. What is the scale?
Answer: The ratio between the
distances of two points on the map, plan or photograph and the actual distance
between the same two points on the ground is called scale.
Q3. What is a representative
fraction?
Answer: Representative
Fraction is a method of scale of a map or plan expressed as a fraction showing
the ratio between a unit distance on the map or plan, and the distance measured
in the same units on the ground.
Q4. What are advantages of
representative fraction?
Answer: Representative
fraction can be used in all countries whether we are acquainted with their unit
system or not. Therefore, it is also called universal method of scale.
Q5. Explain about the
importance of scale.
Answer: A map scale provides
the relationship between the map and the whole or a part of the earth’s surface
shown on it. We can also express this relationship as a ratio of distances
between two points on the map and the corresponding distance between the same
two points on the ground.
Q6. What is the unit in
representative fraction?
Answer: There is no unit in
representative fraction. It is only the ratio of distance on map and distance
on ground.
SHORT ANSWER TYPE
QUESTIONS
Q1. What is the utility of
scale in a map?
Answer: A map scale provides
the relationship between the map and the whole or a part of the earth’s surface
shown on it. We can also express this relationship as a ratio of distances
between two points on the map and the corresponding distance between the same
two points on the ground.
1. Scale of a map
determines whether it can reflect minor details on it. For example to locate
Palam Vihar in Gurgaon if we locate it on world map, it will be of no use. It
is better to use a map of Gurgaon to locate Palam Vihar on it.
2. On the basis of scale,
maps are classified into small-scale maps and large-scale maps.
Q2. What factors must be
kept in mind while selecting scale?
Answer: We must consider
following aspects while selecting scale:
·
Purpose of map: If map is being drawn to study the minor details
then we should make use of large scale maps and if it is to show physical
features or large areas, we can use small scale maps as well. For example scale
of a map of a house will be larger than map of a country.
·
Space Available: Scale is also affected by availability of space
for drawing maps.
Q3. Write differences
between Representative Fraction and Graphical Scale.
Answer:
Basis |
Representative
Fraction |
Graphical Scale |
Meaning |
It is a method of
scale of a map or plan expressed as a fraction showing the ratio between a
unit distance on the map or plan, and the distance measured in the same units
on the ground. |
It shows map distances
and the corresponding ground distances using a line bar with primary and
secondary divisions marked on it. |
Impact |
It gets affected by
changing the size of maps. |
It is not affected by
changing the size of maps proportionally. |
Unit |
It has no unit. |
It has a unit. |
Q4. What are limitations of
representative fraction?
Answer: There are many
limitations of representative fraction method. These are as follows:
·
This method is only a fraction. It does not make use of any
measurement system. Therefore it cannot be used to measure the direct distance
between two places.
·
Whenever maps are changed using computers, these fractions get
changed.
·
It is not easy to understand method for a layman.
Q5. In a scale statement it
is mentioned that 1 inch represents four miles. Express it in representative
fraction.
Answer: 1 inch on map represents
4 miles on ground.
Or 1 inch = 4 x 63360 (
1 mile = 63360 inches)
1 inch = 2,53,440
inches.
Therefore 1 inch on map
represents a distance of 2,53,440 inches on ground. In other words, 1 unit on
map represents 2,53,440 units on ground.
Therefore Representative
fraction =
Q6. Convert Representative fraction 1:2,53,440 into a statement of scale (metric system).
Answer: The given
representative fraction can be converted into statement of scale in following
steps:
1: 2,53,440 means that 1
unit on map represents 2,53,440 units on the ground. In other words, 1 cm will
represent 2,53,440/1,00,000 km
(because 1 km = 1,00,000
cm)
Therefore, 1 cm = 2.5344
km In statement of scale form we can say that 1 cm represents 2.5344 km.
LONG ANSWER TYPE
QUESTIONS
Q1. Construct a graphical
scale for representative fraction 1:50,000 in which distance is given in
furlongs and miles.
Answer: For graphical scale,
to know the length of the line we need to make following calculations. 1:50,000
means 1 unit on map represents 50,000 units on ground.
In this way, 1 inch =
50,000 inches
6 inches = 50,000 x
6/63360
6 inches = 4.73 miles
Since 4.73 miles is not
an integer, therefore we take 5 as an integer on number line. Now we need to
make following calculations to present number line as 5 miles.
Since 6 inches = 4.73 miles
Therefore 5 miles = 6 x
5/4.73
5 miles will be
represented by 6.34 inches.
We can make the graph by
following steps:
First of all draw a 6.34
inches line and divide it in 5 important parts. Except one part from the left,
let us give all parts a distance of 1.268 inch. Now divide the first part in 4
equal parts and each part will be equal to 0.32 inch.
Q2. Construct a graphical
scale for scale 1 inch = 1 mile and which can be read in furlongs and miles.
Answer: For graphical scale,
to know the length of the line we need to make following calculations.
1 inch = 1 mile
Since 1 inch = 1 mile
and therefore, 6 inches = 6 miles We can make the graph by following steps:
First of all draw a 6
inches line and divide it in 6 important parts. Except one part from the left,
let us give all parts a distance of one 1 inch. Now divide the first part in 4
equal parts and each part will be equal to 0.25 inch.
QUESTIONS FOR ORAL
COMPREHENSION
Q1. According to English
System of Measurement, convert 1 Mile into furlongs, yards, feet and inches.
Answer:
1 mile = 8 Furlongs = 1720 yards = 5280 feet
1 Furlong = 220 Yards =
660 feet = 7920 inches
1 Yard = 3 feet = =36
inch
1 Foot = 12 Inches
Q2. Give formula for
representative fraction.
Answer: Representative
fraction is equal to distance on map divided by distance on ground.
Q3. If less space is
available, what kind of scale will you choose?
Answer: Large Scale
Q4. If you wish to study
minor details of a map what kind of scale will you choose?
Answer: Small Scale
Q5. What are different
methods of showing scale on a map?
Answer: There are three
methods of presenting scale:
1. By scale statement;
2. by graphical or bar
scale and
3. by representative
fraction.
Q6. What is the unit in
representative fraction?
Answer: There is no unit in
representative fraction.
MAP SCALE NOTES
·
A map scale provides the relationship between the map and the
whole or a part of the earth’s surface shown on it. We can also express this
relationship as a ratio of distances between two points on the map and the
corresponding distance between the same two points on the ground.
·
There are three methods of presenting scale:
·
By scale statement;
·
By graphical or bar scale and
·
By representative fraction.
·
Kilometre, metre, centimetre etc. are used to measure the linear
distances between two points on the ground. It is referred to as the Metric
System of Measurement and presently used in India and many other countries of
the world.
Metric System of Measurement 1 km = 1000 Metres 1 Metre = 100 Centimetres 1
Centimetre = 10 Millimetres
·
Another units which are used are miles, furlongs, yards, feet,
etc. These are two different systems of measurement of the distances used in
different countries of the world. It is known as the English System of
Measurement and is prevalent in both the United States and the United Kingdom.
India also used this system for measuring/showing linear distances before 1957.
English System of Measurement
·
1 Mile = 8 Furlongs
·
1 Furlong = 220 Yards
·
1 Yard = 3 feet
·
1 Foot = 12 Inches
MAP SCALE IMPORTANT
TERMS
·
Denominator: The number below the line in a fraction is called
denominator. For example, in a fraction of 1 : 20,000, 20,000 is the
denominator.
·
Numerator: The number above the line in a fraction is called
numerator. For example, in a fraction of 1 : 20,000, 1 is the numerator.
·
Representative Fraction: It is a method of scale of a map or
plan expressed as a fraction showing the ratio between a unit distance on the
map or plan, and the distance measured in the same units on the ground.
·
Statement of Scale: The scale of a map may be indicated in the
form of a written statement. For example, if on a map a written statement
appears stating 1 cm represents 10 km, it means that on that map a distance of
1 cm is representing 10 km of the corresponding ground distance.
·
Graphical or Bar Scale: It shows map distances and the
corresponding ground distances using a line bar with primary and secondary
divisions marked on it. This is referred to as the graphical scale or bar
scale.
·
Scale: The ratio between the distances of two points on the map,
plan or photograph and the actual distance between the same two points on the
ground is called scale.
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