CHANGE OF VOICE : - RULES FOR CLASS 10 HSLC-2021 SEBA/SMEBA ENGLISH GRAMMAR

 

VOICE CHANGE – FOR CLASS 10 HSLC-2021

SEBA/SMEBA ENGLISH GRAMMAR

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CHANGE OF VOICE : - RULES

সাধারণ অর্থে Voice অর্থ কণ্ঠস্বর। কিন্তু ব্যাকরণে একে বলা হয় বাচ্য। Verb-এর যে Form দ্বারা কর্তা যখন কাজটি নিজে করে বা অন্যের মাধ্যমে সম্পাদন করিয়ে নেয় এবং কর্তার সঙ্গে কাজের সম্পর্ক দেখায় এবং এইভাবে Verb-এর রূপের যে পরিবর্তন ঘটে তাকে Voice বলে।

Voice হলো verb-এর গঠন যার দ্বারা  subject নিজে কিছু করে বা অন্যের কাজ তার উপর এসে পড়ে তাকে বুঝায়।

Types of voice:

Voice দু প্রকার যথা:

• Active Voice(কতৃবাচ্য)
• Passive Voice(কর্মবাচ্য)

1.     Active Voice: যে বাক্যে কর্তা প্রধান থাকে তাকে Active Voice বলে।

                    ⇒ I do the work (আমি কাজ টি করি).

2.     Passive Voice: যে বাক্যে কর্ম প্রধান থাকে তাকে  Passive Voice বলে।

                    ⇒ The work is done by me (কাজটি আমার দ্বারা করা হয়).

  

Subjective Case	Objective Case
I	me
we	us
you	you
she	her
he	him
they	them
it	it

 

 

Object চিনিবার উপায়:

• সাধারণত মূল verb এর পর object থাকে।

               ⇒ The boys are playing football.

 

                                           v        obj

• অনেক সময় active voice  এ দুইটি object থাকে। সে ক্ষেএে উক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার সময় প্রথম object টি অর্থাৎ ব্যক্তিবাচক object টিকে subject করাই শ্রেয়।

              ⇒ The principal teaches us English.

 

                                       v         obj   obj

 

• অনেক সময় active voice এ দুটি object এর মধ্যে যে কোন একটির পূর্বে preposition থাকে সেটিকে object না ধরে অন্য তাকে object ধরা হয়।

               ⇒ He did for me the unnecessary things.  

 

            

Change of Voice(বাচ্য পরিবর্তন):

 a). Tense অনুযায়ী:

 

Tense	Active Voice	Passive Voice
Present Indefinite	They play football.	Obj+am/is/are+v3+by+sub   ⇒ Football is played by them.
Present Continuous	We are digging a canal.	Obj+am/is/are+being +v3+by+sub   ⇒ A canal is being dug by us.
Present Perfect	He has done the work.	Obj+have/has+been+v3+by+sub   ⇒The work has been done by him.
Past Indefinite	He killed a bird.	Obj+was/were+v3+by+sub   ⇒A bird was killed by him.
Past Continuous	They were flying kites.	Obj+was/were+being+v3+by+sub   ⇒Kites were being flown by them.
Past Perfect	I had written the letter.	Obj+had+been+v3+by+sub   ⇒The letter had been written by me.
Future Indefinite	She will help me.	Obj+will/shall+be+v3+by+sub⇒I will be helped by her.
Future Continuous	We shall be taking tea.	Obj+will/shall+being+v3+by+sub   ⇒Tea will be being taken by us.
Future Perfect	Monju will have done the work by 2 p.m.	Obj+will/shall+have been +v3+sub+ext   ⇒ The work will have been done by monju by 2 p.m.

 

b). Modal Verb অনুযায়ী:

 

May, might, can, could, shall, should, will, would, must, ought to ইত্যাদি যুক্ত Active voice কে passive voice এ পরিবর্তন করার সময় ইহাদরে পরে be বসে এবং তার পরেই মূল verbটির past participle বসে।  

Active: I may help you.          

Passive: You may be helped by me.

Active: We ought to obey our parents.

Passive: Our parents ought to be obeyed by us.

Active: We must do the work.

Passive: The work must be done by us.

 

c). Sentence অনুযায়ী:

 

• Imperative sentence:

1.     শুধুমাত্র মূল verb দিয়ে active voice কে passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম।

 

Structure: Let+obj টিকে sub করতে হবে+be+v3

 

 

Active: Shut the door.

Passive: Let the door be shut.

Active: Write the letter without any delay.

Passive: Let the letter be written without any delay.

 

2.     Do not দিয়ে শুরু Imperative sentence এর active voice কে passive voice করার নিয়াম।

 

Structure: Let not + obj টিকে sub করতে হবে + be+ v3

 

 

Active: Do not hate the poor.

Passive: Let not the poor be hated.

Active: Do not play football at noon.

Passive: Let not football be played at noon.

 

• Interrogative Sentence:

1.     Auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু sentence কে active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম।

Structure: auxi. verb+ obj কে sub + v3+ sub কে obj +?

Active: Have you eaten rice?

 

Passive: Has rice been eaten by you?

 

2.     Who যুক্ত interrogative sentence এর active voice কে passive voice করার নিয়ম।

 

By whom + auxi.verb+ obj কে sub+tense অনুযায়ী be/being/been+v3+?

 

 

Active: Who is calling me?

Passive: By whom am i being called?

 

3.     Whom যুক্ত interrogative sentence এর active voice কে passive voice করার নিয়ম।

 

Who+auxi.verb+v3+ by+sub কে obj +?

Active: Whom did you see on the road?

 

Passive: Who was seen by you on the road?

 

4.     What যুক্ত interrogative sentence এর active voice কে passive voice করার নিয়ম।

 

What+auxi.verb+v3+by+sub কে obj +?

Active: What do you want?

 

Passive: What is wanted by you?

 

 

Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন: 

Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন  করতে হলে Active Voice এর Object Passive Voice এ Subject হয়ে বসে এবং Active Voice এর Subject টি Passive Voice এ Object হয়ে বসে এবং তার পূর্বে by বসে । Active Voice এর মূল Verb এর Passive Voice এ Past Participle রূপ হয় এবং Tense ও Passive Voice এর Subject অনুযায়ী Be Verb বসে ।

Tense অনুযায়ী Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন

Present Indefinite Tense
 গঠন : Present Indefinite Tense এ Active voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করতে হলে Active Voice এর Object টি Passive Voice এ Subject হয়ে বসবে এবং Active Voice এর Subject টি Passive Voice এ Object হয়ে বসবে এবং তার পূর্বে by বসবে। Passive Voice এর Subject এর Person ও Number অনুযায়ী তার পরে Be Verb,
am / is / are এর যেকোন একটি বসবে। এবং Active Voice এর মূল Verb টি Passive Voice এ Past Participle রূপে বসবে।
গঠন প্রণালী  : Active Voice এর Object + am / is/ are + মূল Verb এর Past Participle রূপ + by + Active Voice এর Subject.
 যেমন :-
Active : I eat rice.
Passive : Rice is eaten by me.
Active : They play football.
Passive : Football is played by them.
Active : I see the man.
Passive : The man is seen by me.
Active : Mother cooks rice.
Passive : Rice is cooked by mother.
Active : We eat mango.
Passive : Mango is eaten by us.
Active : She reads Arabic.
Passive : Arabic is read by her.
Active : Mr Khan teaches English.
Passive : English is taught by Mr Khan.
Active : Lima makes tea.
Passive : Tea is made by Lima.
Active : Rony Reads a book.
Passive : A book is read by Rony.
Active : Rina makes basket.
Passive : Basket is made by Rina.



Past Indefinite Tense
 গঠন : Past Indefinite Tense এ Active voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করতে হলে Active Voice এর Object টি Passive Voice এ Subject হয়ে বসবে এবং Active Voice এর Subject টি Passive Voice এ Object হয়ে বসবে এবং তার পূর্বে by বসবে। Passive Voice এর Subject এর Person ও Number অনুযায়ী তার পরে Be Verb, was / were এর যেকোন একটি বসবে। এবং Active Voice এর মূল Verb টি Passive Voice এ Past Participle রূপে বসবে।

 গঠন প্রণালী  : Active Voice এর Object + was / were + মূল Verb এর Past Participle রূপ + by + Active Voice এর Subject.
 যেমন :-

Active : I ate rice.
Passive : Rice was eaten by me.
Active : Rina wrote a letter.
Passive : A letter was written by Rina.
Active : She sang a song.
Passive : A song was sung by her.
Active : We did the work.
Passive : The work was done by us.
Active : Mother cooked food.
Passive : Food was cooked by mother.
Active : They played Cricket.
Passive : Cricket was played by them.
Active : The man sold the land.
Passive : The land was sold by the man.
Active : I knew them.
Passive : They were known by me.
Active : Police arrested the Criminals.
Passive : The Criminals were arrested by Police.
Active : Mr Khan taught the students.
Passive : The Students were taught by Mr Khan.


Future Indefinite Tense
 গঠন : Future Indefinite Tense এ Active voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করতে হলে Active Voice এর Object টি Passive Voice এ Subject হয়ে বসবে এবং Active Voice এর Subject টি Passive Voice এ Object হয়ে বসবে এবং তার পূর্বে by বসবে। Passive Voice এর Subject এর Person ও Number অনুযায়ী তার পরে Be Verb, shall be / will be এর যেকোন একটি বসবে। এবং Active Voice এর মূল Verb টি Passive Voice এ Past Participle রূপে বসবে।

 গঠন প্রণালী  : Active Voice এর Object + shall be / will be + মূল Verb এর Past Participle রূপ + by + Active Voice এর Subject.
 যেমন :-
Active : I shall write a letter.
Passive : A letter will be written by me.
Active : Swapan will support me.
Passive : I shall be supported by Swapan.
Active : Tania will make tea.
Passive : Tea will be made by Tania.
Active : Rana will write a story.
Passive : A story will be written by Rana.
Active : Father will buy a cow.
Passive : A cow will be bought by father.
Active : She will learn the lesson.
Passive : The lesson will be learnt by her.
Active : Ema will sing a song.
Passive : A song will be sung by Ema.
Active : we shall play football.
Passive : Football will be played by us.
Active : mother will cook rice.
Passive : Rice will be cooked by Mother.
Active : Ali  will catch fish.
Passive : Fish will be caught by Ali.


 Present Continuous Tense
 গঠন : Present Continuous Tense এ Active voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করতে হলে Active Voice এর Object টি Passive Voice এ Subject হয়ে বসবে এবং Active Voice এর Subject টি Passive Voice এ Object হয়ে বসবে এবং তার পূর্বে by বসবে। Passive Voice এর Subject এর Person ও Number অনুযায়ী তার পরে Be Verb, am being / is being / are being এর যেকোন একটি বসবে। এবং Active Voice এর মূল Verb টি Passive Voice এ Past Participle রূপে বসবে।

 গঠন প্রণালী  : Active Voice এর Object + am being / is being / are being + মূল Verb এর Past Participle রূপ + by + Active Voice এর Subject.
 যেমন :-
Active : We are eating mango.
Passive : Mango is being eaten by us.
Active : Mother is cooking rice.
Passive : Rice is being cooked by Mother.
Active : Ali is catching fish.
Passive : Fish is being caught by Ali.
Active : He is reading a book.
Passive : A book is being read by him.
Active : The teacher is teaching the Students.
Passive : The Students are being taught by the teacher.
Active : She is writing a letter.
Passive : A letter is being written by her.
Active :  They are playing Cricket.
Passive : Cricket is being played by them.
Active : I am eating rice.
Passive : Rice is being eaten by me.
Active : They are reading English.
Passive : English is being read by them.
Active : They are doing the work.
Passive : The work is being done by them.



 Past Continuous Tense
 গঠন : Past Continuous Tense এ Active voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করতে হলে Active Voice এর Object টি Passive Voice এ Subject হয়ে বসবে এবং Active Voice এর Subject টি Passive Voice এ Object হয়ে বসবে এবং তার পূর্বে by বসবে। Passive Voice এর Subject এর Person ও Number অনুযায়ী তার পরে Be Verb, was being / were being  এর যেকোন একটি বসবে। এবং Active Voice এর মূল Verb টি Passive Voice এ Past Participle রূপে বসবে।

গঠন প্রণালী  : Active Voice এর Object + was being / were being + মূল Verb এর Past Participle রূপ + by + Active Voice এর Subject.
 যেমন :-
Active : We were eating mango.
Passive : Mango was being eaten by us.
Active : Mother was cooking rice.
Passive : Rice was being cooked by Mother.
Active : Ali was catching fish.
Passive : Fish was being caught by Ali.
Active : He was reading a book.
Passive : A book was being read by him.
Active : The teacher was teaching the Students.
Passive : The Students were being taught by the teacher.
Active : She was writing a letter.
Passive : A letter was being written by her.
Active :  They were playing Cricket.
Passive : Cricket was being played by them.
Active : I was eating rice.
Passive : Rice was being eaten by me.
Active : They were reading English.
Passive : English was being read by them.
Active : They were doing the work.
Passive : The work was being done by them. 


  Future Continuous Tense
 গঠন : Future Continuous Tense এ Active voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করতে হলে Active Voice এর Object টি Passive Voice এ Subject হয়ে বসবে এবং Active Voice এর Subject টি Passive Voice এ Object হয়ে বসবে এবং তার পূর্বে by বসবে। Passive Voice এর Subject এর Person ও Number অনুযায়ী তার পরে Be Verb, shall be being / will be being  এর যেকোন একটি বসবে। এবং Active Voice এর মূল Verb টি Passive Voice এ Past Participle রূপে বসবে।

 গঠন প্রণালী  : Active Voice এর Object + shall be being / will be being + মূল Verb এর Past Participle রূপ + by + Active Voice এর Subject.
 যেমন :-
Active : We shall be eating mango.
Passive : Mango will be being eaten by us.
Active : Mother will be cooking rice.
Passive : Rice will be being cooked by Mother.
Active : Ali will be catching fish.
Passive : Fish will be being caught by Ali.
Active : He will be reading a book.
Passive : A book will be being read by him.
Active : The teacher will be teaching the Students.
Passive : The Students will be being taught by the teacher.
Active : She will be writing a letter.
Passive : A letter will be being written by her.
Active :  They will be playing Cricket.
Passive : Cricket will be being played by them.
Active : I shall be eating rice.
Passive : Rice will be being eaten by me.
Active : They will be reading English.
Passive : English will be being read by them.
Active : They will be doing the work.
Passive : The work will be being done by them.


Present Perfect Tense
 গঠন : Present Perfect Tense এ Active voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করতে হলে Active Voice এর Object টি Passive Voice এ Subject হয়ে বসবে এবং Active Voice এর Subject টি Passive Voice এ Object হয়ে বসবে এবং তার পূর্বে by বসবে। Passive Voice এর Subject এর Person ও Number অনুযায়ী তার পরে Be Verb, have been / has been  এর যেকোন একটি বসবে। এবং Active Voice এর মূল Verb টি Passive Voice এ Past Participle রূপে বসবে।

 গঠন প্রণালী  : Active Voice এর Object + have been / has been + মূল Verb এর Past Participle রূপ + by + Active Voice এর Subject.
 যেমন :-
Active : We have eaten mango.
Passive : Mango has been eaten by us.
Active : Mother has cooked rice.
Passive : Rice has been cooked by Mother.
Active : Ali has caught fish.
Passive : Fish has been caught by Ali.
Active : He has read a book.
Passive : A book has been read by him.
Active : The teacher has taught the Students.
Passive : The Students have been taught by the teacher.
Active : She has written a letter.
Passive : A letter has been written by her.
Active :  They have played Cricket.
Passive : Cricket has been played by them.
Active : I have eaten rice.
Passive : Rice has been eaten by me.
Active : They have read English.
Passive : English has been read by them.
Active : They have done the work.
Passive : The work has been done by them.


Past Perfect Tense
 গঠন : Past Perfect Tense এ Active voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করতে হলে Active Voice এর Object টি Passive Voice এ Subject হয়ে বসবে এবং Active Voice এর Subject টি Passive Voice এ Object হয়ে বসবে এবং তার পূর্বে by বসবে। Passive Voice এর Subject এর  পরে Be Verb, had been বসবে। এবং Active Voice এর মূল Verb টি Passive Voice এ Past Participle রূপে বসবে।

 গঠন প্রণালী  : Active Voice এর Object + had been + মূল Verb এর Past Participle রূপ + by + Active Voice এর Subject.
 যেমন :-
Active : We had eaten mango.
Passive : Mango had been eaten by us.
Active : Mother had cooked rice.
Passive : Rice had been cooked by Mother.
Active : Ali had caught fish.
Passive : Fish had been caught by Ali.
Active : He had read a book.
Passive : A book had been read by him.
Active : The teacher had taught the Students.
Passive : The Students had been taught by the teacher.
Active : She had written a letter.
Passive : A letter had been written by her.
Active :  They had played Cricket.
Passive : Cricket had been played by them.
Active : I had eaten rice.
Passive : Rice had been eaten by me.
Active : They had read English.
Passive : English had been read by them.
Active : They had done the work.
Passive : The work had been done by them.


Future Perfect Tense
গঠন : Future Perfect Tense এ Active voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করতে হলে Active Voice এর Object টি Passive Voice এ Subject হয়ে বসবে এবং Active Voice এর Subject টি Passive Voice এ Object হয়ে বসবে এবং তার পূর্বে by বসবে। Passive Voice এর Subject এর Person ও Number অনুযায়ী তার পরে Be Verb,shall have been /will have been  এর যেকোন একটি বসবে। এবং Active Voice এর মূল Verb টি Passive Voice এ Past Participle রূপে বসবে।

 গঠন প্রণালী  : Active Voice এর Object +shall have been / will have been+ মূল Verb এর Past Participle রূপ + by + Active Voice এর Subject.
 যেমন :-
Active : We shall have eaten mango.
Passive : Mango will have been eaten by us.
Active : Mother will have cooked rice.
Passive : Rice will have been cooked by Mother.
Active : Ali will have caught fish.
Passive : Fish will have been caught by Ali.
Active : He will have read a book.
Passive : A book will have been read by him.
Active : The teacher will have taught the Students.
Passive : The Students will have been taught by the teacher.
Active : She will have written a letter.
Passive : A letter will have been written by her.
Active :  They will have played Cricket.
Passive : Cricket will have been played by them.
Active : I shall have eaten rice.
Passive : Rice will have been eaten by me.
Active : They will have read English.
Passive : English will have been read by them.
Active : They will have done the work.
Passive : The work will have been done by them.

 

Rules of changing voice

by Education Blog on 7:15 AM in Voice

Active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম:

Rule 1:

a) Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়ে যায়।
b) Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject এ রুপান্তর হয়।
c) মূল verb এর past participle হয় এবং subject ও tense অনুসারে auxiliary verb/be verb হয়।

Rule 2:

Indefinite tense:

a) Present indefinite – am, is, are.
b) Past indefinite – was, were.
c) Future indefinite – shall be, will be.

Continuous tense:

a) Present Continuous- am being, is being, are being.
b) Past Continuous – was being, were being
c) Future Continuous - shall be being, will be being.

Perfect tense:

a) Present Perfect – has been, have been.
b) Past Perfect- had been.
c) Future Perfect- shall have been, will have been.

Rule 3:

a) Present indefinite tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Object এর subject + am/is/are + v3+ by + subject এর object.

Active – I play football.
Passive- Football is played by me.
Active- They eat rice.
Passive- Rice is eaten by them.

 

b) Present continuous tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Object এর subject + am being/is being/are being + v3+ by + subject এর object.

Active: I am playing football.
Passive: football is being played by me.
Active: He is eating rice.
Passive: Rice is being eaten by him.

 

c) Present perfect tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Object এর subject + have been/ has been + v3+ by + subject এর object.

Active: He has eaten rice.
Passive: Rice has been eaten by him.
Active: I have played football.
Passive: Football has been played by me.

 

d) Past indefinite tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Object এর subject + was/were + v3+ by + subject এর object

Active: I ate rice.
Passive: Rice was eaten by me.
Active: They played football.
Passive: Football were played by them.

 

e) Past continuous tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Object এর subject + was being/were being + v3+ by + subject এর object.

Active: I was eating rice.
Passive: rice was being eaten by me.
Active: They were catching fishes.
Passive: Fishes were being caught by them.

f) Past perfect tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Object এর subject + had been + v3+ by + subject এর object.

Active: I had eaten rice.
Passive: Rice had been eaten by me.
Active: we had dug the cannel.
Passive: The cannel had been dug by us.

 

g) Future indefinite tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure: Object এর subject + shall be/will be + v3+ by + subject এর object.

Active: I will eat rice.
Passive: Rice will be eaten by me.
Active: They will play football.
Passive: Football will be played by them.

 

h) Future continuous tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Object এর subject + shall be being/will be being + v3+ by + subject এর object.

Active: I will be eating rice.
Passive: Rice will be being eaten by me.
Active: They will be playing football.
Passive: Football will be being

 

i) Future perfect tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Object এর subject + shall have been /will have been + v3+ by + subject এর object.

Active: I will have eaten rice.
Passive: Rice will have been eaten by me.
Active: They will have caught the fish.
Passive: The fish will have been caught by them.

 

Rule 4:

May, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Object এর subject + may, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to এর পরে be + v3+ by + subject এর object.

Active: I may help you.
Passive: you may be helped by me.
Active: you must do the work.
Passive: The work must be done by you.
Active: we ought to obey our teachers.
Passive: our teachers ought to be obeyed by us.
Active: we are going to open a shop.
Passive: A shop is going to be opened by us.

Rule 5:

Imperative sentence এর active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

A) শুধু মাত্র মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Let + object এর subject + be + v3

Active: close the door.
Passive: Let the door be closed.
Active: shut the window.
Passive: Let the window be shut.

 

B) Do not দিয়ে শুরু যুক্ত যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Let not + object এর subject + be + v3

Active: Do not close the door.
Passive: Let not the door be closed.
Active: Do not shut the window.
Passive: Let not the window be shut.

 

C) Let এর পর যদি কোন ব্যক্তিবাচক object (me, us, you, them, him, her)থাকে এবং তা যদি Imperative sentence হয়, তাহলে active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Let + object এর subject + be + v3 + by + ব্যক্তিবাচক object.

Active: Let me play football.
Passive: Let the football be played by me.
Active: Let us sing a song.
Passive: let a song be sung by us.
Active: let him give the chance.
Passive: let the chance be given by him.

 

D) Never যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Let not + object এর subject + ever be + v3

Active: Never tell a lie.
Passive: Let not a lie ever be told.
Active: Never go there.
Passive: let not there ever be gone.

E) মূল verb এর পর যদি কোন ব্যক্তিবাচক object (me, us, you, them, him, her) থাকে এবং তা যদি Imperative sentence হয়, তাহলে active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure: Let + direct object টি বসবে (মূল verb এর পর যে object টি থাকে + be + v3 + for +ব্যক্তিবাচক object

Active: Buy me a shirt.
Passive: let a shirt be bought for me.
Active: Give me a glass of water.
Passive: Let a glass of water be given for me.
Interrogative sentence

 

Rule 6:

Interrogative sentence যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

A) Structure:
Interrogative sentence কে Assertive sentence এ রুপান্তর করে নিতে হবে + রুপান্তরিত Assertive sentence এর active voice থেকে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করতে হবে + এবার রুপান্তরিত passive voice এর auxiliary verb টিকে প্রথমে বসাতে হবে + শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে। **** Tense অনুসারে করতে হবে।

Active: Have you eaten rice?
Assertive: You have eaten rice.
Assertive এর passive: Rice has been eaten by you.
Passive এ রুপান্তর: Has rice been eaten by you?
Active: Is he reading a book?
Assertive: He is reading a book.
Assertive এর passive: A book is being read by him.
Passive এ রুপান্তর: Is a book being read by him?
Active: Did you play football?
Assertive: you played football.
Assertive এর passive: Football was played by you.
Passive এ রুপান্তর: Was football played by you?

 

B) Who যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Who এর পরিবর্তে By whom + tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + object এর subject + অনেক সময় tense অনুযায়ী কর্তার পরে be/ being/ been বসাতে হয় + V3+ ?.

Active: Who is playing football?
Passive: BY whom is football being played?
Active: who will help me?
Passive: By whom will I be helped?

C) Whom যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Whom এর পরিবর্তে who + tense ও person অনুযায়ী

Auxiliary verb + V3 + by + subject এর object +?

Active: Whom did you see on the road?
Passive: who was seen by you on the road?
Active: Whom has he murdered in this home?
Passive: Who is murdered by him in this home?

 

D) What যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
What + tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + V3 + by + subject এর object +?

Active: What do you want?
Passive: What is wanted by you?

Rule 7:

Subject + verb + object + present participle যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Object এর subject + tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + v3 + present participle যুক্ত অংশটি + by + subject এর object.

Active: I saw him playing cricket.
Passive: He was seen playing cricket by me.
Active: I took him for my friend.
Passive: He was taken for my friend by me.

 

Rule 8:

Double object যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
দুইটা object এর যে কোন একটি subject করতে হয় (personal object কে subject এ রুপান্তর করলে ভাল) + v3 + tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + প্রদত্ত বাকি object টি বসে + by + active voice এর subject টি object রুপে হয়।

Active: I gave him a flower. Passive: He was given a flower by me. Active: He teaches us math. Passive: we are taught English by him.

 

Rule 9:

Complex and compound sentence যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Complex and compound sentence যুক্ত active voice এ রূপান্তরের সময় উভয় clause এর voice পরিবর্তন হয়।

Active: I know that he did the work.
Passive: It is known to me that the work was done by him.
Active: He told me that he had done the work.
Passive: I was told that the work had been done by him.

Note: Active voice “people say” দিয়ে শুরু হলে It is said দিয়ে passive voice করাই ভাল।

Active: people say that the lion is the king of forest.
Passive: It is said that the lion is the lion is the king of forest.

 

Rule 10:

Intransitive verb যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

সাধারনত Intransitive verb এর passive voice হয় না। তবে Intransitive verb এর পরে preposition যুক্ত হয়ে যদি group verb গঠন করে এবং তা Intransitive verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয় তাহলে –

Structure: Object টি subject + tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + v3 + প্রদত্ত preposition + by + subject টির object।

Active: The truck run over the boy.
Passive: The boy was run over by the truck.
Active: they looked at the poor man.
Passive: The poor man was looked at by them.

Rule 11:

Reflexive object (myself, ourselves, yourselves, yourself, themselves, himself, herself) যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Active voice subject টি অপরিবর্তিত অবস্থায় passive voice এর subject হিসেবে হবে + tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + v3 + by + Reflexive object বসবে।

Active: He hanged himself.
Passive: He was hanged by himself.
Active: you killed yourself.
Passive: you were killed by yourself.

Rule 12:

Factitive object/Complementary object যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Factitive object/Complementary object( select, elect, nominate, make, call, name ইত্যাদি transitive verb থাকা সত্ত্বেও সম্পূর্ণ রুপে অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে পারে না। পরিপূর্ণ অর্থ প্রকাশ করার জন্য অতিরিক্ত object আনতে হয়। এইরুপ অতিরিক্ত object কেFactitive object/Complementary object বলে।

Structure:
নামবাচক object টির (me, us, you, them, him, her) object টি subject হয়। + tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + v3 + Factitive object + by + subject এর object।

Active: They made me captain.
Passive: I was made captain by them.
Active: we call him liar.
Passive: He is called liar by us.

Rule 13:

Cognate object যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Cognate object এর সংজ্ঞা – কিছু intransitive verb তাদের সমর্থক object নিয়ে transitive verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়। এ ধরনের object কে Cognate object বলে।

Structure: Object টি subject + tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + v3 + by + subject টির object।

Active: he caught a fish.
Passive: A fish was caught by him.
Active: you ran a race.
Passive: A race was run by you.

Rule 14:

Infinitive যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
প্রদত্ত active voice এর subject + মূল verb + infinitive এর পরের object (যদি থাকে) + to be + infinitive এর পরের verb এর v3.

Active: He wants someone to take camera.
Passive: He wants camera to be taken.
Active: He wants you to write a letter.
Passive: He wants a letter to be written.

 

Rule 15:

Gerund combinations অর্থাৎ advise/ propose/ recommend/ suggest + gerund + object যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
প্রদত্ত active voice এর subject + মূল verb + that + gerund এর পরের object টি + should be + প্রদত্ত gerund টি verb এ রূপান্তরিত হয়ে v3 বসে।

Active: He suggested giving up smoking.
Passive: He suggested that smoking should be given up.
Active: He wanted playing football.
Passive: He wanted that football should be played.

Rule 16:

Agree, be anxious, arrange, determine, be determined, decide, demand, + infinitive + object object যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
প্রদত্ত active voice এর subject + মূল verb + that + infinitive এর পরের + object + should be + infinitive এর পরের verb এর v3.

Active: He decided to buy the house.
Passive: He decided that the house should be bought.
Active: you agreed to sell the house.
Passive: You agreed that the house should be sold.

 

Rule 17:

One + should যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Object এর subject + should be + v3

Active: one should take care of one’s education.
Passive: Education should be taken care of.
Active: one should tell the truth.
Passive: Truth should be told.

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